Struthio

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Struthio
Temporal range: Miocene-Holocene, 23–0Ma
Common Ostrich (Struthio camelus), male and female
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Superorder: Palaeognathae
Order: Struthioniformes
Family: Struthionidae
Genus: Struthio
Linnaeus, 1758[1]
Type species
Struthio camelus
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

Struthio coppensi
Struthio linxiaensis
Struthio orlovi
Struthio wimani
Struthio brachydactylus
Struthio asiaticus Asian ostrich
Struthio dmanisensis
Struthio oldawayi
Struthio camelus Common Ostrich

Struthio is a genus of bird in the order Struthioniformes.

Species

There are ten known species from this genus, of which eight are extinct. There are five more possible species of which trace fossils have been found. They are:

  • Struthio coppensi (Early Miocene of Elizabethfeld, Namibia)
  • Struthio linxiaensis (Liushu Late Miocene of Yangwapuzijifang, China)
  • Struthio orlovi (Late Miocene of Moldavia)
  • Struthio karingarabensis (Late Miocene - Early Pliocene of SW and CE Africa) - oospecies(?)
  • Struthio kakesiensis (Laetolil Early Pliocene of Laetoli, Tanzania) - oospecies
  • Struthio wimani (Early Pliocene of China and Mongolia)
  • Struthio daberasensis (Early - Middle Pliocene of Namibia) - oospecies
  • Struthio brachydactylus (Pliocene of Ukraine)
  • Struthio chersonensis (Pliocene of SE Europe to WC Asia) - oospecies
  • Struthio asiaticus, Asian Ostrich (Early Pliocene - Late Pleistocene of Central Asia to China ?and Morocco)
  • Struthio dmanisensis, Giant Ostrich (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Dmanisi, Georgia)
  • Struthio oldawayi (Early Pleistocene of Tanzania) - probably subspecies of S. camelus
  • Struthio anderssoni - oospecies(?)
  • Struthio camelus, Common Ostrich
    • Struthio camelus molybdophanes, Somali Ostrich

Fossil records and egg shell fragments show that the ancestors of this genus originated about 40-58 million years ago (mya) in the Asiatic steppes as small flightless birds. The earliest fossils from this genus are from the early Miocene (20-25mya), and are from Africa, so it is proposed that they originated there. Then by the middle to late Miocene (5-13mya) they had spread to Eurasia.[2] By about 12 mya they had evolved into the larger size of which we are familiar. By this time they had spread to Mongolia and, later, South Africa.[3]

Evolution

The genus Struthio used to include the Emu, Rhea, and also the Cassowary, until they each were placed in their own genera.[1] The Somali Ostrich, Struthio molybdophanes, has recently become recognized as a separate species by some authorities, while others are still reviewing the information.[4][5]

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Gray, G.R. (1855)
  2. Hou, L. et al. (2005)
  3. Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003)
  4. Gil, F. & Donsker D. (2012)
  5. Birdlife International (2012)

References

  • Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003). Ostriches. In Hutchins, Michael. "Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia 8 (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. p. 99. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0. 
  • Gill, F.; Donsker, D (2012). "Ratites". IOC World Bird List. WorldBirdNames.org. Retrieved 13 Jun 2012. 
  • Hou, L.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, F.; Wang, Z. (Aug 2005). "A Miocene ostrich fossil from Gansu Province, northwest China". Chinese Science Bulletin 50 (16): 1808–1810. doi:10.1360/982005-575. ISSN 1861-9541. 
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.