Streptaxidae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Streptaxidae Temporal range: Late Cretaceous (about 80 Mya)[1] - Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A live individual of Gonospira uvula | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura |
| Superfamily: | Streptaxoidea Gray, 1860 |
| Family: | Streptaxidae Gray, 1860[2] |
| Subfamilies | |
|
Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 | |
| Diversity[1] | |
| 58 genera | |
Streptaxidae is a taxonomic family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.
Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous.[3] All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.[4]
Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.[5]
Distribution
The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.[6]
The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines.[1] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.[1]
Taxonomy
2005 taxonomy
Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxida Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).[7]
There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
- Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
- Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883[8] - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
- Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000[9]
- Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000[10]
- Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921[11] - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
- Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919[12]
2010 taxonomy
Sutcharit et al. (2010)[1] have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.[1]
Genera
Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:
Streptaxinae
- Acanthennea Martens, 1898[1] - with the only species Acanthennea erinacea (Martens, 1898)[6]
- Augustula Thiele, 1931[1] - with the only species Augustula braueri (Martens, 1898)[6]
- Careoradula Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999[1] - with the only species Careoradula perelegans (Martens, 1898)[6]
- Discartemon Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
- Glabrennea[1]
- Glyptoconus Möllendorff, 1894[1]
- Hypselartemon Wenz, 1947[1][13]
- Indoartemon Forcart, 1946[1]
- Martinella Jousseaume, 1887[1]
- Micrartemon Möllendorff, 1890[1]
- Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905[1]
- Platycochlium Laidlaw, 1950[1]
- Rectartemon Baker, 1925[1]
- Sairostoma Haas, 1938[1]
- Seychellaxis[1]
- Silhouettia Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999[1][6] - with the only species Silhouettia silhouettae (Martens, 1898)[6]
- Stemmatopsis[1]
- Stereostele Pilsbry, 1919[1] - with the only species Stereostele nevilli (Adams, 1868)[6]
- Streptartemon Kobelt, 1905[1]
- Streptaxis Gray, 1837[1] - type genus of the family Streptaxidae
- Tonkinia Mabille, 1887[1]
Enneinae
- Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[1] - type genus of the subfamily
- Maurennea[1]
- Indoennea Kobelt, 1904[1]
- Bruggennea Dance, 1972[1][14]
- Elma Adams, 1866[1]
- Streptostele Dohrn, 1866[1]
- Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919[1]
Marconiinae
- Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936[15][1]
- Marconia Bourguignat, 1889[1] - type genus of the subfamily
- Stenomarconia Germain, 1934[1]
Odontartemoninae
- Afristreptaxis Thiele, 1932[1]
- Artemonopsis Germain, 1908[1]
- Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930[1]
- Odontartemon L. Pfeiffer, 1856[1] - type genus of the subfamily
- Pseudogonaxis Thiele, 1932[1]
- Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962[1]
- Tayloria Bourguignat, 1889[1]
Orthogibbinae
- Edentulina Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
- Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920[1]
- † Gibbus Montfort, 1810 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct[1]
- Gonaxis Taylor, 1877[1]
- † Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct[1]
- Gonospira Swainson, 1840[1]
- Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905[1]
- Imperturbatia Martens, 1898[1]
- Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887[1]
- Oophana Ancey, 1884[1]
- Orthogibbus Germain, 1919 - type genus of the subfamily
- Plicadomus Swainson, 1840[1]
- Priodiscus Martens, 1898[1]
- Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904[1]
Ptychotrematinae
- Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
- Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855[1]
- Mirellia Thiele, 1933[1]
- Parennea Pilsbry, 1919[1]
- Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853[1] - type genus of the subfamily
- Sinistrexcisa De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999[1]
Unsorted to subfamily:
- Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata Gerlach, 2001[16]
- Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in Gulella
- Parvedentulina Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to Madagascar[17]
Notes:
- Scolodonta Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae,[1] but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.[7]
See also
- taxa of Streptaxidae described by Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
- ↑ Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals nad magazine of Natural History, serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
- ↑ Gerlach J. (2001). "Edentulina moreleti", the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)". Phelsuma 9: 75. PDF.
- ↑ Gerlach J. & van Bruggen A. C. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies 64(2): 249-250. doi:10.1093/mollus/64.2.249.
- ↑ IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. abstract, PDF.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.
- ↑ Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
- ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
- ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
- ↑ Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
- ↑ Pilsbry H. A. (1919) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40: 180.
- ↑ Wenz W. v. (1947) "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 76(1): 336.
- ↑ Dance S. P. (1972). "Bruggennea n.gen., proposed for Recent streptaxids from Borneo (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 102: 131-132.
- ↑ Bequaert J. & Clench W. J. (1936). "Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species". Journal of Conchology London, 20: 263-273.
- ↑ Gerlach J. (2001). "Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 77(2): 297-302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213.
- ↑ Emberton K. C. (2002). "Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131(1/2): 67-165. abstract.
Further reading
- Zilch A. (1961). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90: 79-120.
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