Sterculiaceae

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Sterculiaceae is a family of flowering plants, which is now considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Sterculia.

As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers.

Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic and the current status of each of these families is in doubt. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae sensu lato. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in the subfamilies Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae of the Malvaceae sensu lato. The Thorne system takes an intermediate approach in combining the bulk of the traditional Sterculiaceae (but not including Sterculia itself) with elements of the traditional Tiliaceae to form the family Byttneriaceae.

Sterculiaceae had previously been recognized as a family by most systematists; in its traditional sense the family includes about 70 genera, totalling around 1,500 species of tropical trees and shrubs. The most famous products of the family are chocolate and cocoa from Theobroma cacao, followed by cola nuts. Many species yield timber.

Genera

Abroma Jacq.
Acropogon Schltr.
Aethiocarpa Vollesen
Astiria Lindl.
Ayenia L.
Brachychiton Schott & Endl.
Byttneria Loefl.
Cheirolaena Benth.
Chiranthodendron Larreat.
Cola Schott & Endl.
Commersonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Cotylonychia Stapf
Dicarpidium F.Muell.
Dombeya Cav.
Eriolaena DC.
Firmiana Marsili
Franciscodendron B.Hyland & Steenis
Fremontodendron Coville
Gilesia F.Muell.
Glossostemon Desf.
Guazuma Mill.
Guichenotia J.Gay

Hannafordia F.Muell.
Harmsia K.Schum.
Helicteres L.
Helmiopsiella Arenes
Helmiopsis H.Perrier
Heritiera Aiton
Hermannia L.
Herrania Goudot
Hildegardia Schott & Endl.
Keraudrenia J.Gay
Kleinhovia L.
Lasiopetalum Sm.
Leptonychia Turcz.
Leptonychiopsis Ridl.
Lysiosepalum F.Muell.
Mansonia J.R.Drumm. ex Prain
Maxwellia Baill.
Megatritheca Cristobal
Melhania Forssk.
Melochia L.
Neoregnellia Urb.
Nesogordonia Baill.
Octolobus Welw.

Paradombeya Stapf
Paramelhania Arenes
Pentapetes L.
Pimia Seem.
Pterocymbium R.Br.
Pterospermum Schreb.
Pterygota Schott & Endl.
Rayleya Cristobal
Reevesia Lindl.
Ruizia Cav.
Rulingia R.Br.
Scaphium Schott & Endl.
Scaphopetalum Mast.
Seringia J.Gay
Sterculia L.
Theobroma L.
Thomasia J.Gay
Triplochiton K.Schum.
Trochetia DC.
Trochetiopsis Marais
Ungeria Schott & Endl.
Waltheria L.

References

Whitlock, B. A., C. Bayer, and D. A. Baum. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships and Floral Evolution of the Byttnerioideae ("Sterculiaceae" or Malvaceae s.l.) Based on Sequences of the Chloroplast Gene, ndhF. Systematic Botany 26: 420–437 (abstract online here).
Wilkie, P., Clark, A., Pennington, R. T., Cheek, M., Bayer, C. & Wilcock, C. C. (2006).Phylogenetic Relationships within the Subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) Using the Chloroplast Gene ndhF. Systematic Botany 31(1):160-170.
Sterculiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions.
Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae - Sterculieae at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

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