Starry smooth-hound
| Starry smooth-hound | |
|---|---|
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| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Carcharhiniformes |
| Family: | Triakidae |
| Genus: | Mustelus |
| Species: | M. asterias |
| Binomial name | |
| Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1821[2] | |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The starry smooth-hound, Mustelus asterias, is a houndshark of the family Triakidae, found on the continental shelves of the northeast Atlantic between latitudes 61° N and 16° N, from the surface to a depth of 200 metres (660 ft). Its length is up to 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in).
Description
The starry smooth-hound grows to a length of about 140 centimetres (55 in). It is grey or greyish-brown with a scattering of small white spots on its dorsal (upper) surface and white on its ventral (under) surface. It is a long, lean fish with a somewhat rounded snout and rows of shallowly-projecting teeth. The two dorsal fins are of similar shape but the hindmost one is a little smaller than the foremost. There is a notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin and the lower lobe is of medium size.[3]
Distribution and habitat
This species of houndshark is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Its range extends from southern Norway, Scotland and the North Sea southwards to Algeria, Morocco, and Western Sahara. It is found in the whole of the Mediterranean, but not in the Black Sea.[1] It is found on the continental shelf and around islands at depths to at least 200 metres (660 ft) and prefers places where the seabed is sand or gravel.[4]
Biology
The starry smooth-hound mostly feeds on crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters and slipper lobsters, and also molluscs. It becomes mature at a length of about 80 to 85 centimetres (31 to 33 in). It is an ovoviviparous fish, retaining its eggs in its oviduct where the young are nourished by the egg-yolk and the oviduct's secretions. There are seven to fifteen young in a litter and they are about 30 centimetres (12 in) long at birth.[3][4]
Status
The IUCN, in its Red List of Threatened Species lists the starry smooth-hound as "Least Concern". The justification for this is that it has a wide range and is common in the northern part of its range where its population seems to be steady. In the Mediterranean Sea it is less common and is targeted for human consumption along with the closely related common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus).[1] Numbers in the Mediterranean have dwindled and in this region it might qualify for "Vulnerable" status were it not plentiful elsewhere.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Serena, F.; Mancusi, C.; Ellis, J. (2009). "Mustelus asterias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. IUCN. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bailly, Nicolas (2013). "Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Starry smoothhound (Mustelus asterias)". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Information Portal. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carpenter, Kent E. "Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819". FishBase. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- Compagno, Dando, & Fowler, Sharks, Collins Gem, HarperCollins, London (2006) ISBN 0-00-721986-5
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