Star Alliance
 | |
| Launch date | 14 May 1997 |
|---|---|
| Full members | 28 |
| Non-voting members | 28 affiliates |
| Pending members | Air India, Avianca Brazil |
| Destination airports | 1,328 |
| Destination countries | 195 |
| Annual passengers (M) | 678.5 |
| Annual RPK (G) | 990.24 |
| Fleet size | 4,701 |
| Management | Mark Schwab (CEO),[1] Calin Rovinescu |
| Alliance slogan | The Way The Earth Connects |
| Headquarters | Frankfurt am Main, Germany[2] |
| Website | www.staralliance.com |
Star Alliance is the world's first and largest global airline alliance, headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany[2] and led by current CEO Mark Schwab.[1] Founded in 1997, its name and emblem represent the five founding airlines (see the five airlines in the history section). The current member airlines are Adria Airways, Aegean Airlines, Air Canada, Air China, Air New Zealand, All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Avianca, Brussels Airlines, Copa Airlines, Croatia Airlines, EgyptAir, Ethiopian Airlines, Eva Air, LOT Polish Airlines, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Singapore Airlines, South African Airways, Swiss International Air Lines, TAM Airlines (until March 30, 2014), TAP Portugal, Thai Airways International, Turkish Airlines, United Airlines and US Airways (until March 30, 2014) and the future members are Air India which will join in summer 2014 and Avianca Brazil which will join in the first half of 2014 and will join as an affiliate of the Avianca brand. Star Alliance has since grown considerably and the current members with more than 21,100 daily departures combined. These flights reach 1,328 airports in more than 150 countries, with an annual passenger number of 678.5 million.
Membership history
1997–1999: The first three years
On 14 May 1997, five airlines from three continents – Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada, Lufthansa, and United Airlines. came together to launch Star Alliance.[3][4] The newly established alliance selected Young & Rubicam Advertising to increase awareness of the new alliance, with a budget of $25 million, (€18 million).[5] The five airlines shared the traditional star logo from the beginning with the five points representing the five founding airlines. The alliance also adopted their first slogan "The Airline Network for Earth",[3] with the goal being to have "an alliance that will take passengers to every major city on earth".[4]
VARIG joined the Star Alliance network,[3][6] on 22 October 1997 making it the alliance's first "new" member and its gateway airline into South America.
In 30 March 1999, Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand both became members of the alliance, connecting the alliance to Australia and the Pacific.[7] Upon the joining of the two carriers, Star Alliance served 720 destinations in 110 countries with a combined fleet of 1,650 aircraft.
Finally, in October 1999, All Nippon Airways joined the alliance and became the group's second Asian airline.[8]
2000: Major expansion
The new millennium started off with the significant admission of The Austrian Airlines Group (Austrian Airlines, Tyrolean Airways and Lauda Air) in March.[9] Singapore Airlines joined the next month as a full member on 1 April[10][11] giving the alliance an even stronger foothold in the Asian market. Then on 1 July BMI (British Midland) and Mexicana Airlines simultaneously joined Star Alliance, bringing the total membership tally up to 13.[12] The joining of BMI made London Heathrow the only European hub with two competing alliances. During the year, Emirates considered joining Star Alliance, but would later opt not to join.[13] The same year, now defunct BWIA West Indies Airways who had entered an alliance with United Airlines considered becoming a member. BWIA however never joined the alliance.[14] In 2000 the alliance also opened its first three business centers through the course of the year in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, and Bangkok as well as announcing the completion of its full-time Alliance Management Team (AMT) – the executive body of the partnership.[15]
In September 2001, Ansett Australia left the alliance due to bankruptcy which subsequently handed over a majority of the Australian market to Qantas, a rival Oneworld Alliance member. During this year Star Alliance also announced the appointment of their new CEO, Jaan Albrecht.[16]
2003 saw the admission of three new airlines to the alliance. Asiana Airlines joined on 1 March,[17] Spanair joined on 1 May,[18] and finally, LOT Polish Airlines, the official flag carrier of Poland, joined in October.[19]
In March 2004, Mexicana Airlines left Star Alliance after deciding not to renew a codeshare deal with United Airlines and later joined Oneworld.[20] US Airways then joined the alliance in May,[21] becoming the alliance's second US-based airline. Finally, in November, Adria Airways, Blue1, and Croatia Airlines joined the alliance as the first three regional members.
In 2005, Star Alliance invited Lineas Aereas Azteca to join the alliance in mid-2007, but the airline went bankrupt and never joined the alliance. Then Star Alliance saw the admission of TAP Portugal on 14 March, thereby adding new African destinations to Star Alliance's network.[22][23] After merging with US Airways under the US Airways name, America West Airlines joined, working through US Airways original membership, but would never be considered an individual member.
In April 2006 South African Airways became the first African airline to become a Star Alliance member, as well as raising the alliance's membership tally up to 18.[24] April also saw the admission of Swiss International Air Lines, who joined the alliance as the 19th member.[25] SWISS' predecessor, Swissair was due to join the alliance in 2001, but the airline went bankrupt in October of that year and went through an extensive restructuring process before joining 5 years later.
Tenth anniversary
In May 2007, Star Alliance and its members celebrated the alliance's 10th anniversary. During the previous decade, Star Alliance had grown from a membership of five airlines to include 17 carriers around the world.[26] Each day the Star Alliance's members have a combined daily departure of 16,000 to 855 destinations in 155 countries, serving 406 million passengers annually. As part of the celebration and to increase awareness of the alliance, Star Alliance launched a global consumer promotion.[27] Prizes included round-the-world air tickets, the paying of related expenses, as well as monetary prizes.[28] On the same day Star Alliance also launched the Biosphere Connections, a partnership with three international organisations – UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Ramsar Convention On Wetlands – to promote environmental sustainability.[26][29]
| “ | Today, nearly 30% of global air travellers use the services of our member carriers or, looking at it from an overall industry perspective, two thirds of world-wide air travellers use one of the three airline alliances. | ” |
| —Jaan Albrecht, former CEO Star Alliance[30] | ||
Other significant events which took place included the ejection of VARIG from the alliance on 31 January.[31] In addition to this, the first two major Chinese airlines to join the alliance, Air China and Shanghai Airlines, joined on 12 December.[32]
2008–2010: Expansion and 2nd decade of operations
On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the alliance after an 18-month integration process since December 2006, becoming the seventh European airline[33] in the alliance, which had thus reached a total of 20 members. EgyptAir, the official airline of Egypt, joined on 11 July 2008,[34] becoming the second African airline. The airline joined following its 75th anniversary the previous year, an event which EgyptAir used to subsequently relaunch its image and brand.[34]
On 27 October 2009, Continental Airlines became the 25th full member of the alliance after leaving SkyTeam on 24 October. At a joining ceremony in New York City, Jaan Albrecht, former CEO of Star Alliance, said, "Bringing Continental Airlines into Star Alliance has been a truly unique experience. This is the first time an airline has moved directly from one alliance to another and I would like to thank all those involved in ensuring a smooth switch". At the time, it was rumoured that the switch was part of Continental's initial move in its plan of a United-Continental merge.[35]
On 9 December 2009, the integration of Brussels Airlines into the Star Alliance was effective.[36]
On 13 May 2010, leading Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines was admitted following a joining ceremony in São Paulo,[37] thereby furthering the alliance's foothold in South America, which is currently considered by SkyTeam as an important market.[38] Aegean Airlines, Greece's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, joined on 30 June.[39] Fellow Greek airline Olympic Air originally intended to apply to join the alliance if their merger with Aegean Airlines was approved by the EU.
Shanghai Airlines left the alliance on 31 October 2010, due to its merger with China Eastern Airlines, a future member of Star Alliance's rival SkyTeam.[40] On 29 September, the Chief Executive Board approved Ethiopian Airlines's application for membership, with the airline to become the 30th member.[41]
As of September 2010, Star Alliance flew to 1,172 airports in 181 countries, with approximately 21,200 daily departures.[41]
Expansion during 2011 and beyond
The new decade saw the Star Alliance adding new members, but also losing some due to corporate restructuring and collapse.
In August, 2011, after continued delays, Air India was finally rejected for membership after failing to meet the requirements for membership.[42][43] Later that year, on 13 December 2011,Ethiopian Airlines joined, adding five new countries and 24 destinations to the alliance's route map.
2012 was a year filled with several departures, new members, and restructurings. In the beginning of January 2012 Continental Airlines completed its merger with United Airlines, thus formally ending its existence and membership in the alliance. Shortly after this, on 27 January, longtime member Spanair left the alliance after suffering financial collapse and ceasing operations. bmi then left on 20 April after its acquisition by International Airlines Group (IAG), a parent company of Oneworld Members Iberia and British Airways. On 21 June 2012 Avianca, TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines all simultaneously joined the alliance, significantly increasing the alliance's presence in Latin America.[44] Then in November, Blue1 left the alliance, becoming an affiliate of parent Scandinavian Airlines.[45] Finally, to end one of the most difficult years in the alliances history, Shenzhen Airlines joined on 29 November 2012, complementing Air China's Chinese network.[46]
On 8 March 2013 TAM Airlines officially announced its departure, long expected after its merger with LAN Airlines to become LATAM Airlines Group. The departure is expected to finalize in late 2013 or 2014. With the addition of EVA Air on 18 June and TACA's integration into Avianca, the alliance now has 28 members, making it the largest of the three main airline alliances. On 13 December 2013, Air India was officially invited to join Star Alliance again, the integration process was recommenced.[47] On the same day was announced, that Avianca Brazil will join Star Alliance in 2014 as an affiliate of the Avianca brand.[48]
Member airlines
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Full members and their member affiliates
.svg.png){kind=small}
A Founding member.
B Airlines operating under the Air Canada Express, Air New Zealand Link, Austrian Arrows, Lufthansa Regional, United Express and US Airways Express brands are not necessarily members of Star Alliance. However, flights are operated on behalf of the respective member airlines, carry their designator code and are Star Alliance flights.
C Members of Lufthansa Regional that are fully owned by Deutsche Lufthansa AG.
D Wholly owned By US Airways Group.
E To exit the alliance on 30 March 2014 and move to Oneworld with LAN Airlines.[51]
F To exit the alliance on 30 March 2014 and move to Oneworld with American Airlines.[52]
Former member airlines and member affiliates
| Former member airline | Joined | Exited | Affiliates |
|---|---|---|---|
 Ansett Australia[A] |
| Aeropelican Air Services Hazelton Airlines Kendell Airlines Skywest Airlines | |
 Blue1[B] | | | N/A |
 British Midland International[C] |
| bmi regional bmi baby | |
 Continental Airlines[D] |
|
Continental Connection operated by: → Cape Air → Colgan Air → CommutAir → Gulfstream International Airlines Continental Express operated by: → Chautauqua Airlines → ExpressJet Airlines  Continental Micronesia | |
 Mexicana[E] | | | Aerocaribe |
 Shanghai Airlines[F] | | | China United Airlines |
 Spanair[G] | | | N/A |
 VARIG[H] | | | Nordeste Rio Sul  PLUNA |
 TACA Airlines[I] | | |  LACSA  TACA Peru TACA Regional operated by: →  Aviateca →  La Costeña → Sansa Airlines |
A Collapsed on 12 September 2001.
B Left the alliance on 1 November 2012 after SAS took over mainline operations, now a member affiliate of Scandinavian Airlines.
C Left the alliance on 20 April 2012 as a result of its merger with International Airlines Group. IAG's subsidiaries British Airways and Iberia are Oneworld members, bmi merged with British Airways on 27 October 2012.
D Merged with United Airlines on 3 March 2012.
E Left the alliance in 2004 after deciding not to renew a codeshare alliance with United Airlines, opting instead to codeshare with American Airlines, and joined Oneworld on 10 November 2009. Collapsed on August 28, 2010.
F Left the alliance on 31 October 2010 as a result of its merger with China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member.
G Collapsed on 27 January 2012.
H Suspended its alliance membership on 31 January 2007 due to major restructuring, being involuntarily ejected, and failing to meet minimum qualifications.
I Merged with Avianca on 28 May 2013.
| Former member affiliate | Joined | Exited | Member affiliate of |
|---|---|---|---|
 Air Canada Tango[A] |
| | Air Canada |
| Air Nova |
| | Air Canada |
| Air Ontario |
| | Air Canada |
| AeBal (operating as Spanair Link) |
| | Spanair |
 Lauda Air |
| | Austrian Airlines |
 Lufthansa Italia |
| |  Lufthansa |
| United Shuttle[B] |
| | United Airlines |
| Zip |
| | Air Canada |
A Air Canada Tango was dissolved and now is part of Air Canada.
B United Shuttle's operations ceased and became part of United Airlines.
Future members and future member affiliates
| Future member airline | Joining | Member affiliates |
|---|---|---|
 Air India |
| Future member affiliate | Joining |
|---|---|
| Avianca Brazil |
Customer service
Codeshare flights between these airlines are, for the most part, seamless. This tight cooperation led to suspicions of anti-competitive behaviour, and the alliance was investigated by the European Union as a virtual merger of its members. Indeed, some speculated that if government regulations were relaxed, the members would merge into a single corporation,[53] although no evidence has yet materialized. Prior to Star Alliance, Northwest Airlines and KLM were operating together as the forerunners of the modern airline alliance system since 1993, although there had been even earlier pairings and groupings of airlines for decades on a less formal level. The creation of Star Alliance was a milestone in airline history because of its size. It sparked the formation of rivals, notably SkyTeam and Oneworld.
The alliance developed the "Regional" concept in 2004, which helped Star Alliance penetrate individual markets with the regional participation of smaller carriers. Regional Star Alliance members had to be sponsored by an existing full Star Alliance member. However, Star Alliance has stopped designating airlines as "Regional" members and now refers to all the 25 airlines as just "members".[54]
Star Alliance members now fly over 21,200 daily flights to 1,172 airports in 181 countries with a fleet of 4,025 aircraft. Its members carried a total of 627.52 million passengers with a turnover of US$156.8 billion, €145 billion. The alliance's market share is 28% of the global market based on revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), which is greater than the combined market share of all airlines that are not in any of the three major alliances. All Star Alliance carriers combined employ over 405,000 pilots, flight attendants, and other staff. Star Alliance was voted best airline alliance in the Skytrax 2007 World Airline Awards.[55]
Members' hubs
Co-location (move under one roof)
| City | Airport | IATA | Terminal | Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona |
Barcelona International Airport | BCN | Terminal 1 | |
| Beijing |
Beijing Capital International Airport | PEK | Terminal 3 | |
 Cairo |
Cairo International Airport | CAI | Terminal 3 |
|
| Chongqing |
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport | CKG | Terminal 2B | |
| Delhi |
Indira Gandhi International Airport | DEL | Terminal 3 | |
| Frankfurt |
Frankfurt International Airport | FRA | Terminal 1 "Star Alliance Terminal" |
|
 Hong Kong |
Hong Kong International Airport | HKG | Terminal 1 |
|
| London |
London Heathrow Airport | LHR | Terminal 1 & 3 |
|
| Mexico City |
Mexico City International Airport | MEX | Terminal 1 |
|
| Miami |
Miami International Airport | MIA | Concourse J |
|
| Munich |
Munich Airport | MUC | Terminal 2 | |
 Paris |
Charles de Gaulle Airport | CDG | Terminal 1 |
|
 Phuket |
Phuket International Airport | HKT | Terminal 1 |
|
 Seoul |
Incheon International Airport | ICN | Concourse A |
|
 Stockholm |
Stockholm-Arlanda Airport | ARN | Terminal 5 | |
 Taipei |
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport | TPE | Terminal 2 |
|
 Tokyo |
Narita International Airport | NRT | Terminal 1 – South Wing | |
| Toronto |
Toronto Pearson International Airport | YYZ | Terminal 1 | |
| Vienna |
Vienna International Airport | VIE | Austrian Star Alliance Terminal (Check-in 3)[57] |
|
Premium status
Star Alliance has two premium levels, Silver and Gold, based on a customer's tier status in a member carrier's frequent flyer program. Each of the member and regional airlines recognizes Star Silver/Gold status, with a few exceptions (mainly pertaining to airport lounge access). The statuses have no specific requirements of their own; membership is based solely on the frequent flyer programs of individual member airlines. Many member airlines also have an additional premium status beyond Gold which is not recognised across Star Alliance.
Star Alliance Silver
Star Alliance Silver status is awarded to customers who have reached a premium level of a member carrier's frequent flyer program.
Benefits of Star Alliance Silver membership:
- Priority reservations waitlisting
- Priority airport stand-by
Some airlines also offer the following to Silver members:
- Priority boarding
- Priority airport check-in
- Priority baggage handling
- Preferred seating
- Additional checked luggage allowance
- Waived fees for 1st and 2nd checked bags
- Airport lounge access
Star Alliance Gold
Star Alliance Gold status is awarded to customers who have reached a high level of a member airline's frequent flyer program.
Benefits of Star Alliance Gold membership:
- Priority reservations waitlisting
- Priority airport stand-by
- Priority boarding
- Priority airport check-in
- Priority baggage handling
- Additional checked luggage allowance of 20 kg (or one extra piece where the piece concept applies)
- Airport lounge access to designated Star Alliance Gold lounges on the day and at the place of departure, on presentation of a valid Star Alliance boarding pass.
Some airlines also offer the following to Gold members:
- Preferred seating (exit seat, or even on a special section on the plane on some carriers, which provides more leg room)
- Guaranteed seating on fully booked flights (subject to the booking class code and notice period)
- Free upgrade (in the form of voucher/certificate or automatic upgrade upon check-in)
- United and US Airways restrict US lounge access for their Gold Members to long-haul international passengers; Gold members from other carriers are welcome in US Lounges run by United and US Airways on all itineraries. Unlike in Oneworld and Skyteam, United and US Airways Star Gold members are admitted to the lounges of foreign alliance carriers (such as Lufthansa's Senator lounges at US airports) even if traveling domestically.
Qualifying tiers by airline
| Member airline | Mileage program | Star Silver (qualifying tiers) |
Star Gold (qualifying tiers) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adria Austrian Airlines Brussels Airlines Croatia Airlines LOT Polish Airlines Lufthansa Swiss International Air Lines |
Miles & More | Frequent Traveller | Senator HON Circle |
| Aegean Airlines | Miles & Bonus | Blue | Gold |
| Air Canada | Aeroplan[58] | Prestige 25K Elite 35K |
Elite 50K Elite 75K Super Elite 100K |
| Air China Shenzhen Airlines |
Phoenix Miles | Silver | Gold Platinum |
| Air New Zealand | Airpoints | Silver | Gold Elite |
| All Nippon Airways | ANA Mileage Club | Bronze | Super Flyers Diamond Platinum |
| Asiana Airlines | Asiana Club | Gold | Diamond Diamond Plus Platinum |
| Avianca | LifeMiles | Silver | Gold Diamond |
| Copa Airlines | MileagePlus | Premier Silver | Premier Gold Premier Platinum Premier 1K Global Services |
| EgyptAir | EgyptAir Plus | Silver | Gold Platinum |
| Ethiopian Airlines | Sheba Miles | Silver Club | Gold Club |
| EVA Air | Infinity MileageLands | Infinity MileageLands Silver | Infinity MileageLands Gold Infinity MileageLands Diamond |
| Scandinavian Airlines | EuroBonus | Silver | Gold Pandion |
| Singapore Airlines | KrisFlyer | Elite Silver | Elite Gold PPS Club Solitaire PPS Club |
| South African Airways | Voyager | Silver | Gold Platinum |
| TAM Airlines | Fidelidade | Blue | Red Red Plus Black |
| TAP Portugal | Victoria | Silver Winner | Gold Winner |
| Thai Airways International | Royal Orchid Plus | Silver | Gold, Platinum |
| Turkish Airlines | Miles & Smiles | Classic Plus | Elite Elite Plus |
| United Airlines | MileagePlus | Premier Silver | Premier Gold Premier Platinum Premier 1K Global Services |
| US Airways | Dividend Miles | Silver Preferred | Gold Preferred Platinum Preferred Chairman's Preferred |
Livery and logo
Some Star Alliance members paint some of their planes with the Star Alliance livery, usually featuring a white fuselage with "Star Alliance" signature written across and a black tailfin with the Star Alliance logo while the color or design of the engine cowlings or winglets remains depending on the members livery. Singapore Airlines is the only exception, formerly opting to paint the tails of the aircraft with the airline's logo; and now applying the Star Alliance logo sans the black tailfin painting, leaving it white. Asiana Airlines was the first Star Alliance member to paint their aircraft in the current Star Alliance livery.[59] Aircraft painted in the airlines' own livery have the Star Alliance logo painted behind the cockpit. The Star Alliance logo has a diameter of approximately 70 cm (28 in).[citation needed] Currently, 80 aircraft are painted in Star Alliance livery.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Mark Schwab Appointed New Star Alliance Ceo". Star Alliance. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Impressum". Star Alliance. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 BRYANT, ADAM (14 May 1997). "United and 4 Others to Detail Air Alliance Today". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 TAGLIABUE, JOHN (15 May 1997). "5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ Meredith, Robyn (15 May 1997). "Airline Alliance Picks Y.& R.". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ "5 Airlines In `Global Branding' Alliance". Bloomberg News (nwsource.com). 14 May 1997. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ "Two more airlines for Star Alliance". New Strait Times (Google Archive). 17 February 1999. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ "ANA boards Star Alliance". The Nation (Google Archive). 24 October 1998. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ "Austrian Airlines". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Singapore Airlines". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "SIA99/00 Annual Report" (PDF). Singapore Airlines. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ↑ "British Midland And Mexicana Airlines Welcomed to the Star Alliance Network". breakingtravelnews.com. 26 June 2000. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ Reece, Damian (13 August 2000). "Emirates poised to join Star Alliance". London: Telegrapg.co.uk. p. 11. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ↑ Lewis, Paul (16 May 2000). "BWIA seeks fleet renewal funds". Orlando: Flight International. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
- ↑ "Star Alliance Chronological History". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Star Alliance Chronological History". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Asian Airlines". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Spanair". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "LOT Polish Airlines". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Star Alliance Chronological History". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "US Airways Joins Star Alliance". The New York Times. 2 June 2003. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ↑ "TAP brings Star Alliance new Africa destinations". The New York Times. 15 March 2005. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "TAP Portugal joins Star Alliance". AsiaTravelTips.com. 15 March 2005. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "joins Star Alliance network". Economist Namibia. 21 April 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "Star Alliance welcomes SWISS as its newest member" (Press release). Star Alliance. 1 April 2006. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Star Alliance Celebrates 10 Years" (Press release). Star Alliance. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "Star Alliance Launches Global Customer Promotion For Its 10th Anniversary" (Press release). Star Alliance. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "Star Alliance launches 10th anniversary global promotion". Easier.com. 16 May 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "STAR ALLIANCE PARTNERS WITH GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANISATIONS" (PDF). UNESCO. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "Star Alliance marks 10th anniversary with Copenhagen event" (PDF). Star Alliance. 6/01/06. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ↑ "VARIG to leave Star Alliance". Boarding.no. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ "Air China". Star Alliance.
- ↑ "Turkish Airlines to join Star Alliance, Star Alliance board approves membership application" (Press release). Star Alliance. 9 December 2006. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Star Alliance soon to welcome Egypt Air". eTravel Blackboard. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ Frary, Mark (20 June 2008). "Continental plans United tie-up; will leave SkyTeam for Star Alliance". The Times (UK). Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ↑ Brussels Airlines - corp - Star Alliance. Company.brusselsairlines.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ↑ "TAM AIRLINES JOINS STAR ALLIANCE" (Press release). Star Alliance. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "SkyTeam looking for new partners in Latin America, Asia and Africa". eTurboNews. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ↑ "AEGEAN AIRLINES JOINS STAR ALLIANCE NETWORK" (Press release). Star Alliance. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "Shanghai Airlines to Leave Star Alliance at End of October, Xinhua Reports". Bloomberg. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 "ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES ACCEPTED AS FUTURE STAR ALLIANCE MEMBER CARRIER" (Press release). Star Alliance. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ Air India’s dream to be a part of the 27-member Star Alliance is over, paving the way for the entry of Jet Airways in the exclusive club. Member-airlines of the world’s largest airline alliance were not able to come to a unanimous decision to allow Air India, whose application had been put on hold earlier. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/ais-star-dream-ends/482772/
- ↑ "Star Alliance and Air India put Air India’s Alliance Membership Application on hold" (Press release). Star Alliance. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ↑
- ↑ Star Alliance. "BMI formally leaves Star Alliance".
- ↑ "Shenzhen Airlines Joins". Star Alliance. 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2013-03-22.
- ↑ "STAR ALLIANCE AND AIR INDIA RECOMMENCE INTEGRATION PROCESS". Star Alliance. 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- ↑ "STAR ALLIANCE MAINTAINS PRESENCE IN BRAZIL THROUGH AVIANCA BRAZIL". Star Alliance. 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- ↑ "Jazz begins flying under Air Canada Express banner". aircanada.com. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "Our Fleet". aircanada.com. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "LAN Colombia joins Oneworld; TAM to join March 31, 2014". ATW Online. 2013-10-01. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
- ↑ "US Airways to join oneworld on March 31, 2014". The Wall Street Journal. 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
- ↑ "Current issues arising with airline alliances: panel discussion. EUROPEAN AIR LAW ASSOCIATION. 11th Annual Conference. Recent developments in European air transport law and policy Lisbon, 5 November 1999". Ec.europa.eu. 5 November 1999. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "Member Airlines – Star Alliance". Staralliance.com. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "2007 World Airlines Awards– Best Alliance". Skytrax. 2007. Archived from the original on 24 July 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ↑ By Ted Reed. "US Airways Declares National Airport a Hub at Senate Hearing". TheStreet. Retrieved 2013-03-22.
- ↑ "Check-in Finder". Vienna International Airport. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ↑ "MAKE YOUR MILES COUNT". Air Canada.
- ↑ "Star Alliance Launches New Aircraft Livery; New Member Asiana Airlines to Premiere Bold New Design. – PR Newswire | HighBeam Research: Online Press Releases". Highbeam.com. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
External links
- Star Alliance Official site
- Star Alliance on Twitter
- Photos of aircraft in Star Alliance livery
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