Stanton Coit
| Stanton George Coit | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
August 11, 1857 Columbus, Ohio |
| Died |
February 15, 1944 (aged 86) England |
| Education | Amherst College |
Stanton George Coit (11 August 1857 – 15 February 1944) was an American-born leader of the Ethical movement in England. He became a British citizen in 1903.
Biography
Stanton Coit was born in Columbus, Ohio on 11 August 1857. He studied at Amherst College where he "fell under the spell of Emerson",[1] at Columbia University, and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he studied under Georg von Gizycki and took the degree of Ph.D in 1885.
Coit was an aide to Felix Adler in the Society for Ethical Culture which Adler founded in 1876, and it was Adler's suggestion that he study for a doctorate.
In 1886 he founded the Neighborhood Guild, a settlement house in New York City's Lower East Side which is now known as the University Settlement House, following three months spent at Toynbee Hall, which gave him the idea.
In 1888, he went to London as minister of the South Place Religious Society, and during his ministry it was renamed the South Place Ethical Society (SPES) at his insistence. He settled in the United Kingdom, later taking British citizenship.[2]
In 1896 he founded the Union of Ethical Societies, later the Ethical Union, predecessor body of the British Humanist Association.
In 1898 Coit married Fanny Adela Wetzlar, daughter of a German industrialist, who predeceased him in 1932. It was Adela's money which purchased the former Methodist Chapel in Queen's Road. They had three daughters, the youngest of whom, Virginia Coit, assisted her father at the Ethical Church.
He was editor of the International Journal of Ethics in 1893-1905, and compiled The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical Scriptures (1894), an Ethical Hymn Book (1905), Responsive Services (1911), and Social Worship (1913), and wrote translations of Georg von Gizycki's works on ethics. In 1906 and 1910, he unsuccessfully stood for Parliament as the Independent Labour Party candidate in Wakefield.
In his thinking, Coit was influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson and by Émile Durkheim, whose The elementary forms of the religious life[3] Coit read late in his life in 1923. He also translated all three volumes of Nicolai Hartmann's Ethik in 1926.[4]
In 1908 he was sentenced to one month's imprisonment[5] for the indecent assault of a male bus conductor in Kensington which was later quashed on appeal.
As an American living in the United Kingdom Coit regularly travelled between the United States and Great Britain and he was a passenger on the Carpathia [citation needed]in 1912 when it picked up survivors from the Titanic.
Coit retired as leader of the Ethical Movement in 1935 to be succeeded by Harold Blackham, who dismantled the "churchy" elements thus paving the way for the later establishment of the British Humanist Association by Blackham and Julian Huxley.
Coit later lived near Eastbourne, Sussex.[2] He died on 15 February 1944 at his home in Birling Gap near Eastbourne.
The West London Ethical Society and the Ethical Church
Following Adela's death, Coit advertised for a successor at the Ethical Church and Harry Snell, Harold Blackham and Coit's daughter, Virginia, were appointed as ministers in 1933.
In 1953 the Ethical Church building was sold to the Catholic Church and the proceeds were used to purchase 13 Prince of Wales Terrace in west London which became Stanton Coit House. The Ethical Church's name reverted to the West London Ethical Society and rejoined the Ethical Union.
Publications
- Ethical democracy: essays in social dynamics by Professor D.G. Ritchie et al., including Stanton Coit. Edited for the Society of Ethical Propagandists by Stanton Coit (1857)
- Ethical culture as a religion for the people: two discourses delivered in South Place Chapel (1887)
- Ethical Songs with Music compiled and edited by Stanton Coit and Gustav Spiller (1892)
- Ethical Songs compiled and edited for the Union of Ethical Societies by Stanton Coit and Gustav Spiller (1898)
- The Ethical World (journal) edited by Stanton Coit and J.A.Hobson (1899)
- Ethical Hymn Book compiled and edited for the Union of Ethical Societies by Stanton Coit and Gustav Spiller (1905)
- Introduction to Addresses and essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1907)
- National Idealism and a State Church (1907)
- National Idealism and the Book of Common Prayer (1908)
- Woman in Church and State (1910)
- The Ethical Movement: its principles and aims by Horace J. Bridges, Stanton Coit, G. E. O'Dell, and Harry Snell. Edited by H. J. Bridges & Stanton Coit (1911)
- The Soul of America (1913)
- Ethics by Nicolai Hartmann, translated by Stanton Coit (1932)
- Ethical Mysticism ... Reprinted from “Aspects of Ethical Religion,” essays in honor of Felix Adler, etc.
References
- ↑ H.J. Blackham ed. (1948) Stanton Coit, 1857-1944, selections from his writings. Phrase taken from the prefatory memoir. Favil Press
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Biography at Humanist Heritage
- ↑ Émile Durkheim (1915) The elementary forms of the religious life translated from the French by Joseph Ward Swain. Published by Allen and Unwin, 1915.
- ↑ Stanton Coit tr. (1932) Ethics, Vol I Moral phenomena, Vol II Moral values, Vol III Moral freedom (authorized version) ; introduction by J.H. Muirhead, original text by Hartmann, Nicolai, 1882-1950. Published by Allen & Unwin in London and by Macmillan in New York.
- ↑ Nicholas Walter (1999), "Unexpected sidelight on our founder", Humanity (the in-house journal of the British Humanist Association, now called Humanist News) Issue 8, page 6, Feb/Mar 1999.
- ↑ British Humanist Association: Our History since 1896
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Moore, F., eds. (1905). "article name needed". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
External links
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