Squire Whipple

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Squire Whipple

Born	(1804-09-16)September 16, 1804 Hardwick, Massachusetts, USA
Died	March 15, 1888(1888-03-15) (aged 83) Albany, New York, USA
Occupation	Civil Engineer
Spouse(s)	W. Anna Case
Children	none
Parents	James Whipple and Electa Johnson

Squire Whipple C.E. (September 16, 1804 – March 15, 1888) was a civil engineer born in Hardwick, Massachusetts, USA. His family moved to New York when he was thirteen. He studied at Fairfield Academy. He graduated from Union College after only one year. He has become known as the father of iron bridge building in America.^[2]

He died March 15, 1888 in Albany, New York, USA and was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery, Menands, New York.

Bridges

Constructed by S. DeGraff of Syracuse, NY, 1867-'69, the Whipple Cast and Wrought Iron Bowstring Truss Bridge over Norman's Kill in Albany, NY is a very well preserved example of a Whipple Bowstring Arch Truss, still in daily use, with no posted weight limits. Due to the sleek appearance, many users think it is a modern bridge. (The Delaware Turnpike once ran through both neighborhoods until 1929 with the construction of a new much higher, longer, and wider Delaware Avenue Bridge over the Normans Kill. This allowed commuters to and from Albany to bypass both Normansvilles. The original Whipple Bowstring bridge still stands, though it has been closed to vehicular traffic since January 1990.)

His patented designs were implemented in numerous bridges, both Whipple truss and prefabricated bowstring arch truss bridges, which became the standard design for Erie Canal crossings; using an economical mix of wrought iron for tension members and cast iron in compression. Another such arch is the Shaw Bridge, the only known Whipple bowstring at its original location and the only know "double" believed extant, the only "a structure of outstanding importance to the history of American engineering and transportation technology."^[3] There are at least four other Whipple bowstrings standing in Central New York state, and one in Newark, Ohio.

Patents

Constructed after Whipple's death the Cairo Bridge's two 518 feet (157.9 m) Whipple truss spans, were the largest of that design ever constructed.^[1]

U.S. Patent 2,064 – Bowstring iron-bridge truss (1841)
U.S. Patent 134,338 – Lift draw bridge

Books

References

↑ Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress). Survey number HAER NE-2. pages 221-261.
↑ Survey number HAER NY-4 - Whipple Cast & Wrought Iron Bowstring Truss Bridge, Normans Kill Vicinity, Albany, Albany County, NY (Biography on page 3)
↑ Raymond W. Smith (January 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Double-Span Whipple Bowstring Truss Bridge / Shaw Bridge". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2008-08-09. (includes map and diagrams)

External links

Genealogy Squire Whipple, Whipple.org
Squire Whipple essay, Whipple.org
ASCE – History and Heritage of Civil Engineering
Squire Whipple information at Structurae
Survey number HAER NY-4 – Whipple Cast & Wrought Iron Bowstring Truss Bridge, Normans Kill Vicinity, Albany, Albany County, NY (Biography on page 3)
Photo of an all-wood Whipple bowstring arch truss bridge built in 1882 in Santa Cruz, California (Santa Cruz Public Library collection)

Authority control	VIAF: 71274753

Persondata
Name	Whipple, Squire
Alternative names
Short description	American bridging engineer
Date of birth	September 16, 1804
Place of birth	Hardwick, Massachusetts, USA
Date of death	March 15, 1888
Place of death	Albany, New York, USA

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