Spizellomycetales

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Spizellomycetales
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Chytridiomycota
Class: Chytridiomycetes
Order: Spizellomycetales
D.J.S.Barr (1980)[1]
Families

Caulochytriaceae
Powellomycetaceae
Genera incertae sedis

Gaertneriomyces
Karlingia
Kochiomyces
Powellomyces
Rhizophlyctis
Spizellomyces

Spizellomycetales is an order of fungi. Spizellomycetalean chytrids are essentially ubiquitous zoospore-producing fungi found in soils where they decompose pollen. Recently they have also been found in dung and harsh alpine environments, greatly expanding the range of habitats where one can expect to find these fungi.[2][3][4] The order includes the following genera:

  • Spizellomyces D.J.S. Barr 1980
  • Triparticalcar D.J.S. Barr 1980
  • Gaertneriomyces D.J.S. Barr 1980
  • Geranomyces D.R. Simmons 2011[4]
  • Powellomyces Longcore, D.J.S. Barr & Désauln. 1995
  • Kochiomyces D.J.S. Barr 1980[5]
  • Thoreauomyces Simmons & Longcore 2012
  • Fimicolochytrium Simmons & Longcore 2012

Role in the environment

Spizellomycetalean chytrids have beneficial roles in the soil for nutrient recycling and as parasites of organisms that attack plants, such as nematodes and oospores of downy mildews. On the other hand, they also have detrimental roles as parasites of arbuscular mycorrhizae, symbiotic fungi that help plants gain essential nutrients.[3] Culture isolation studies and molecular characterization of these fungi have demonstrated a great deal of undescribed diversity within the Spizellomycetales, even for isolates collected within the same geographic location. [3][4] Thus, these understudied fungi await greater exploration.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "An outline for the reclassification of the Chytridiales, and for a new order, the Spizellomycetales". Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 2380–2394. 
  2. ↑ Freeman, K.R., et al (2009). "Evidence that chytrids dominate fungal communities in high-elevation soils". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 (Pt 43): 18315–18320. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907303106. PMID 19826082. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wakefield, W.S.; Powell, M.J.; Letcher, P.M.; Barr, DJ.S.; Churchill, P.F. (2010). "A molecular phylogenetic evaluation of the Spizellomycetales". Mycologia. 102 (Pt 3): 596–604. doi:10.3852/09-120. PMID 20524592. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Simmons, D.R. (2011). "Phylogeny of Powellomycetaceae fam. nov. and description of Geranomyces variabilis gen et comb nov.". Mycologia. 103 (Pt 6): 1411–1420. doi:10.3852/11-039. PMID 21558503. 
  5. ↑ Hibbett, D.S., et al. (2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycological Research 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334. 

External links

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