Sphenoidal sinus

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Sphenoidal sinuses

Lateral wall of nasal cavity; the three nasal conchæ have been removed. (Sphenoidal sinus visible at upper right, in dark circle.)

Nose and nasal cavities. (Sphenoid sinus labeled at upper right.)
Latin	sinus sphenoidalis
Gray's	p.998
MeSH	Sphenoid+Sinus

Each of the two paired sphenoidal sinus are contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. They cannot be palpated during an extraoral examination.^[1]

The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm.; transverse breadth, 2 cm.; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm.

Relations

When exceptionally large they may extend into the roots of the pterygoid processes or great wings, and may invade the basilar part of the occipital bone.

Each sinus opens into the roof of the nasal cavity via apertures on the posterior wall of the sphenoethmoidal recess directly above the choana. The apertures are located high on the anterior walls of the sinuses themselves.^[2]

Development

They are present as very small cavities at birth, but their main development takes place after puberty.^[2]

Innervation

The mucous membrane receives sensory innervation by the posterior ethmoidal nerves, and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve that synapsed at the pterygopalatine ganglion which control secretion of mucous.

Complications

A potential complication of sphenoidal sinusitis is cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Because only thin shelves of bone separate the sphenoidal sinuses from the nasal cavities below and hypophyseal fossa above, the pituitary gland can be surgically approached through the roof of the nasal cavities by first passing through the anterioinferior aspect of the sphenoid bone and into the sinuses, followed by entry through the top of the sphenoid bone into the hypophyseal fossa.
If a fast-growing tumor erodes the floor of the sinus, the vidian nerve could be in danger.

If the tumor spreads laterally, the cavernous sinus and all its constituent nerves could be in danger.

Additional images

Sphenoidal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Paranasal sinuses
Sphenoid bone. Anterior and inferior surfaces.
Lateral wall of nasal cavity, showing ethmoid bone in position.
Horizontal section of nasal and orbital cavities.
Oblique section through the cavernous sinus.
Lateral wall of nasal cavity.
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.
Paranasal sinuses
Nose diagram
Sphenoidal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus

References

↑ Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 64
↑ 2.0 2.1 Human Anatomy, Jacob, Elsevier, 2008, page 211

External links

Sphenoid Sinus
33:st-0712 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (latnasalwall3)

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

Bones of head and neck: the neurocranium of the skull (TA A02.1.01–07, GA 2.129–155)

Occipital

Squama	external Inion/External occipital protuberance External occipital crest Nuchal lines planes Occipital Nuchal internal Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance Sagittal sulcus Internal occipital crest Groove for transverse sinus

Lateral parts	Condyle Condyloid fossa Condylar canal Hypoglossal canal jugular Jugular process Jugular tubercle

Basilar part	Pharyngeal tubercle Clivus

Other	Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion

Parietal

Frontal

Squama	Frontal suture Frontal eminence external Superciliary arches Glabella foramina Supraorbital Cecum Zygomatic process internal Sagittal sulcus Frontal crest

Orbital part	Ethmoidal notch Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear fovea Frontal sinus Frontonasal duct

Temporal

Squama	Articular tubercle Suprameatal triangle Mandibular fossa Petrotympanic fissure Zygomatic process

Mastoid part	Mastoid foramen Mastoid process (Mastoid cells) Mastoid notch Occipital groove Sigmoid sulcus Mastoid antrum (Aditus)

Petrous part	Carotid canal Facial canal (Hiatus) Internal auditory meatus Cochlear aqueduct Stylomastoid foramen fossae Subarcuate fossa Jugular fossa canaliculi Inferior tympanic Mastoid Styloid process Petrosquamous suture (note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)

Tympanic part	Suprameatal spine

Sphenoid

Surfaces	Superior surface: Sella turcica Dorsum sellae Tuberculum sellae Hypophysial fossa Posterior clinoid processes Ethmoidal spine Chiasmatic groove Middle clinoid process Petrosal process Clivus Lateral surface: Carotid groove Sphenoidal lingula Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses

Great wings	foramina Rotundum Ovale Vesalii Spinosum Spine Infratemporal crest Sulcus for auditory tube

Small wings	Superior orbital fissure Anterior clinoid process Optic canal

Pterygoid processes	fossae Pterygoid Scaphoid pterygoid plates Lateral Medial Pterygoid canal Hamulus

Other	Body Sphenoidal conchae

Ethmoid

Plates	Cribriform plate Crista galli Olfactory foramina Perpendicular plate

Surfaces	Lateral surface Orbital lamina Uncinate process Medial surface Superior nasal concha Superior meatus Middle nasal concha Middle meatus

Labyrinth	Ethmoid sinus ethmoidal foramina Posterior Anterior

M: BON/CAR

anat (c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M5)

Head and neck, upper RT: Nose (TA A06.1, TH H3.05.01, GA 10.992)

External nose

Nasal cavity

Openings	Nasal vestibule Nostril Posterior nasal apertures

Lateral wall	Nasal conchae/meatus: Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Inferior nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess Ethmoid bulla Agger nasi Ethmoidal infundibulum Semilunar hiatus Maxillary hiatus

Medial wall	Nasal septum Vomeronasal organ

Mucous membrane	Olfactory mucosa

Paranasal sinuses

Naso-pharynx

M: RES

anat (n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco (c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (R1/2/3/5/6/7)

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