Spencer W. Kimball

Spencer Woolley Kimball (28 March 1895 – 5 November 1985) was an American business, civic, and religious leader, and was the twelfth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The grandson of early Latter-day Saint apostle Heber C. Kimball, Kimball was born in Salt Lake City in 1895 but spent most of his early life in Thatcher, Arizona, where his father, Andrew, farmed and served as the area's stake president. He served an LDS mission from 1914 to 1916, then worked for various banks in Arizona's Gila Valley as a clerk and bank teller. Kimball later co-founded a business selling bonds and insurance which, after weathering the Great Depression, became highly successful. Kimball served as a stake president in his hometown from 1938 to 1943, when he was called to serve as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

Like most LDS apostles, Kimball traveled extensively to fulfill a wide variety of administrative and ecclesiastical duties. Early in his time as an apostle, Kimball was directed by LDS Church president George Albert Smith to spend extra time in religious and humanitarian work with Native Americans, which Kimball did throughout his life. In 1974, following the sudden death of church president Harold B. Lee, Kimball became the twelfth president of the LDS Church. Kimball's presidency was noted for the church's 1978 announcement ending the restriction on church members of black African descent being ordained to the priesthood or receiving temple ordinances. There was also increasing emphasis from the LDS Church on all able-bodied male members serving missions in young adulthood.

Those who listened to Kimball speak publicly were often struck by his weakened, perpetually hoarse voice. Beginning in the 1950s, Kimball began experiencing symptoms of throat cancer, even though he had never smoked or used tobacco. He underwent numerous surgeries, biopsies, and radiation treatments on his throat and vocal cords, which resulted in lifelong impairment to his voice. When speaking to large congregations, Kimball often wore an additional ear-mounted microphone to help magnify his voice.

Ancestry

Kimball's grandfather, Heber C. Kimball, was one of the original Latter-day Saint apostles called when Joseph Smith first organized the Quorum in February 1835, and later served as first counselor to Brigham Young in the church's First Presidency from 1847 until his death in 1868. His maternal grandfather, Edwin D. Woolley, was a prominent LDS bishop in Salt Lake City for many years. Through his aunt, Helen Mar Kimball, Kimball was a nephew of Joseph Smith, Jr.

Early life (1895–1916)

Kimball was born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory to Andrew Kimball and Olive Woolley, sister of Mormon pioneer and eventual Mormon fundamentalist John W. Woolley. In 1898, when Kimball was three years old, his father was called as president of the St. Joseph Arizona Stake, and his family relocated to the town of Thatcher in southeastern Arizona.

During his childhood, Kimball suffered from typhoid fever and facial paralysis (likely Bell's palsy) and once nearly drowned. Four of his sisters died in childhood, and his mother died when he was eleven. Though short in stature – he stood only 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) as an adult – Kimball was an avid basketball player, and was the star and leading scorer on most of his school and recreational teams.^[2] During summer holidays, he often worked at a dairy in Globe, Arizona milking cows, cleaning stalls, and washing bottles for $50 to $60 per month, plus room and board.^[3]

Kimball graduated from high school in May 1914, and one week later was called to serve as a missionary in the Swiss-German Mission. However, less than two months later his mission call was halted by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the subsequent outbreak of World War I.^[4] Kimball was reassigned to the Central States Mission and spent most of his mission in the towns and rural settlements of Missouri, finishing in 1916.^[5]

Marriage and early career (1917–1925)

Camilla Eyring
Newlyweds Spencer Kimball and Camilla Eyring (1917)
Born	Camilla Eyring Kimball (1894-12-07)7 December 1894 Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
Died	20 September 1987(1987-09-20) (aged 92) Salt Lake City, Utah
Parents	Edward Christian (father) Caroline Cottam Romney (mother)

Hoping to become a schoolteacher, Kimball spent one semester at the University of Arizona in the spring of 1917, but received an army draft notice later that year.^[6] During this time he courted Camilla Eyring, a schoolteacher at Gila Academy, where Kimball had attended high school. They began dating in August 1917 and exchanged letters regularly after Kimball left for Brigham Young University in September 1917. After only one month at BYU, however, Kimball was notified that his call into the army was imminent, and that he was to leave university and return to his hometown.^[7] He returned home, though after a succession of such notices his army group was never actually called up for duty.^[8] He and Eyring had continued to date, and by late October had decided to marry. Because of their employment commitments and lack of money, the couple could not afford to travel to the nearest LDS temples in Utah, and thus were married civilly in Camilla's home on 16 November 1917 in Pima, Arizona.^[9] Seven months later, the couple made the two-day journey by train to Salt Lake City where they were sealed in the Salt Lake Temple on 7 June 1918. They eventually had four children: Spencer LeVan (1918–2003), Olive Beth (b. 1922), Andrew E. (b. 1927), and Edward Lawrence (b. 1930).

In 1921, Kimball began employment at the Thatcher branch of the Arizona Trust and Savings Bank, where he was eventually promoted to assistant cashier at $225 per month, a high salary at the time.^[10] The Arizona Trust and Savings Bank failed in 1923 in the aftermath of the Depression of 1920-1921, evaporating Kimball's $3,000 investments in bank stock and forcing him to take a lower-paying job at another bank. In addition to regular employment, Kimball performed a variety of other local jobs to earn extra income for his wife and children, including playing the piano and singing at local events, stringing with Camilla for local newspapers, distributing for an herbal laxative company, and clerical work for local stores.^[11] Shortly after his marriage, Kimball's father called him to serve as stake clerk for the St. Joseph Stake. In the 1920s, local stake clerks still performed the extensive record-keeping and reporting duties that are now digitized and done centrally at the LDS Church's headquarters in Salt Lake City. Consequently, the position of stake clerk was essentially a part-time job, and those called to the position received a $50 per month salary.^[12]

Kimball's father died in 1924, having served as president of the St. Joseph Stake for 26 years. LDS Church president Heber J. Grant came to reorganize the stake, and the 29-year-old Kimball was called as 2nd counselor in the stake presidency.^[13]

Career and stake presidency (1925–1943)

In 1925, Kimball and Joseph W. Greenhalgh, a Latter-day Saint businessman who served as a bishop in one of the local wards, began a small securities business making and purchasing loans from local businesses and individuals. By 1927 the business was strong enough to become independent, and after investing $150 of his own money in the business, Kimball began running it full-time in Safford, Arizona as the "Kimball–Greenhalgh Agency", dealing in local insurance, real estate, debt collection, and bonds.^[14] Greenhalgh was much older than Kimball and was semi-retired, and had little to do with the agency's daily management. The business suffered greatly during the Great Depression, and lost much of its capital between 1930 and 1933.^[15] Through continued work and re-investment of profits, the agency survived the Great Depression and became increasingly successful during the late 1930s and early 1940s. By 1943, Kimball's initial $150 investment in the agency was worth nearly $100,000.^[16]

Kimball was actively involved in many civic organizations, including the Parent-Teacher Association, city council, Red Cross, Boy Scouts, and was elected leader of the Arizona Rotary Club in 1936. Kimball had achieved record success in organizing new Rotary Club chapters, such that the Arizona membership voted to pay for him and his wife to travel to the Club's 1936 International Convention in Nice, France. They traveled by train to Chicago, then to Montréal, where their oldest son, Spencer LeVan, was serving an LDS mission. They then made the week-long passage on an ocean liner to Le Havre, and from there visited Paris, Monte Carlo, Genoa, Rome, Pompeii, Florence, Venice, Vienna, the Swiss Alps, Belgium, the Netherlands, and London.^[17]

In February 1938, LDS Apostle Melvin J. Ballard was sent to Thatcher to divide the growing St. Joseph Stake. The newly created Mount Graham Stake covered the eastern half of the old stake, and Kimball was called as its first stake president.^[18] Though smaller than the previous stake, the Mount Graham Stake covered a large area that extended east as far as El Paso, Texas,^[19] and for Kimball and his two counselors to visit each ward in the stake required travelling a total of 1,750 miles (2,820 km).^[20] During the Mount Graham Stake's biannual stake conference in September 1941, unusually heavy rains caused the Gila River to overflow its banks, flooding several of the towns in the Mount Graham Stake and causing $100,000 in damage to the farms and buildings of Latter-day Saints in the area. As stake president, Kimball coordinated the LDS Church's humanitarian response, which quickly mobilized funds, materials, and manpower to care for displaced residents and begin recovery.^[21] Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the United States' subsequent entry into World War II, a number of young men from the Mount Graham Stake left to join the US military. At one point 250 men from the stake served in the war, and Kimball ensured that each received a copy of the monthly stake bulletin, and often wrote personal notes on each copy to the recipient.^[22]

Kimball was widely known and respected in the community, and was constantly stopped on the streets of Safford by acquaintances and friends asking for his advice.^[16] After being called to serve as stake president, non-LDS residents and travelers in Safford often asked Kimball to perform marriages for them. Though it was known he would never accept payment for performing marriages, when grooms insisted Kimball would ask a $5 donation which he would then give to the bride as a wedding present.^[23] Kimball's demanding schedule of managing the Kimball-Greenhalgh Agency, serving in civic organizations, and serving in LDS Church leadership positions, all while making time for his wife and children, took mental and physical tolls on his body. His journals from the 1930s and early 1940s often mention his exhaustion from days spent working 16 hours or more: "Am on a tension from 7 a.m. till 11 p.m. every single minute every day. I know I'm working too hard but there seems no place to stop."^[24]

Called to Quorum of the Twelve (1943)

The deaths of Sylvester Q. Cannon and Rudger Clawson created two vacancies in the LDS Church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in mid-1943. On 8 July 1943, while having lunch at home, Kimball received a telephone call from J. Reuben Clark, then the first counselor to church president Heber J. Grant, notifying him that he had been called to fill one of the vacancies.^[25] Kimball was initially so shocked by the call that he asked Clark's permission to ponder it for several days before coming to Salt Lake City to meet with him in person as part of a previously scheduled family trip.^[26] After the phone call, Kimball's desire to accept the calling was overwhelmed by feelings of self-doubt and incompetence. Kimball's wife recounted that, although he was not prone to tears, he afterward lay on the floor of their home and wept uncontrollably as she tried to comfort him.^[27]

The following week, Kimball and his wife went as planned to Boulder, Colorado, to visit their oldest son, Spencer LeVan, and his family. Unable to sleep and having begun to fast, Kimball around midnight began climbing a nearby mountain to seek solace from his intense emotional struggle with his own feelings of inadequacy and doubt. He later wrote of the experience, "How I prayed! How I suffered! How I wept! How I struggled!"^[28] After falling asleep on the mountain shortly after sunrise, Kimball recorded dreaming of his grandfather, Heber C. Kimball, and his life, and found that it had brought peace to his worries. He later wrote: "My tears were dry, my soul was at peace. A calm feeling of assurance came over me, doubt and questionings subdued...and I felt nearer my Lord than ever at any time in my life."^[28]

Kimball traveled to Salt Lake City, where he met with David O. McKay, then second counselor to Grant. McKay assured Kimball of his call to the apostleship, and Kimball formally accepted.^[28] The news was released immediately, and Kimball was sustained by the LDS membership at the October 1943 general conference. He was ordained an apostle and added to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Salt Lake Temple on 7 October 1943, by Heber J. Grant. Grant had chosen Ezra Taft Benson to fill the other vacancy in the Quorum, and he and Kimball were ordained on the same day. Being four years older than Benson, Kimball was ordained first, which put him ahead of Benson in the Quorum's seniority.

Apostolic ministry (1943–1973)

In accordance with church requirements and tradition, the Kimballs immediately began the transition from Arizona to Salt Lake City upon Kimball's call to be an Apostle. Kimball sold his share in the Kimball–Greenhalgh Agency for $65,000, then sold their home and all their other property in Arizona.^[29] Kimball was particularly saddened to leave his local Rotary Club chapter and the other professional associations he had worked with; Camilla worried about leaving her elderly parents in Arizona and relocating their second son, Andrew, who had just been elected senior class president at Safford High School.^[30]

World War II

Kimball's first years as an LDS Apostle were dominated by World War II. Kimball often encouraged American church members to purchase war bonds to support the war effort, which they would then be able to cash out after the war and use the accumulated interest to send the returned soldiers on their LDS missions.^[31] Kimball lamented the global destruction of World War II, once writing in his journal: "How outraged the Lord must feel to see His children fighting down here like wild beasts."^[31] As the keynote speaker at Brigham Young University's 1944 baccalaureate service, Kimball publicly criticized members of Allied nations for concentrating on "the tyranny and shackles of [other] nations and at the same time [remaining] in bondage individually to sin".^[32] Kimball's oldest son, Spencer LeVan, was initially rejected for military service in the war due to his poor eyesight, but later entered the US Navy to train as a Japanese language specialist. Kimball's second son, Andrew, and son-in-law, Grant Mack, also served in the US Navy during the war.^[33]

As World War II neared its conclusion, Kimball and other LDS church leaders constantly responded to the needs of the friends and families of LDS war casualties. Kimball's son, Spencer LeVan, was nearly killed in 1945 while serving aboard the aircraft carrier USS Franklin when bombs dropped from Japanese airplanes damaged the ship and ignited its tanks of aviation fuel.^[33] In an attempt to give comfort to families of those killed in combat, Kimball drafted a well-known letter in which he wrote that sin, not premature death, was the only true tragedy in life.^[34] Kimball compared the death of young servicemen to the early death of Jesus Christ, stating that although such death is heartbreaking, from an eternal perspective God's all-knowing purposes would be seen in their circumstances.^[34]

Native Americans

Stake and mission visits

Kimball traveled extensively to preside over quarterly (biannually after 1979) local stake conferences and to tour LDS missions throughout the world. Like most LDS apostles in the twentieth century, Kimball was assigned to preside over a stake conference nearly every weekend. He frequently disregarded physical discomfort and exhaustion for a consuming desire to meet and speak with as many local church members as possible. Kimball was widely known to carry US silver dollars that he would individually hand out to young boys to help them begin a personal missionary fund.

Kimball's first major assignment outside North America occurred in April 1955, when he was assigned by church president David O. McKay to tour the (at the time) 10 LDS missions in Europe.^[44] Accompanied by Camilla, Kimball first visited Germany, where he was struck by the extensive destruction still remaining from the Second World War.^[45]

Individual counseling

When not touring LDS missions or presiding over weekend stake conferences, Kimball spent weekdays answering correspondence at his home or working in his office at LDS Church headquarters in downtown Salt Lake City. Kimball was noted among LDS apostles for his willingness to meet with church members struggling with serious personal problems, particularly married couples considering divorce or individuals wishing to confess serious violations of the LDS Church's law of chastity, which prohibits sexual relations outside of marriage. During his time as an apostle, Kimball met with thousands of church members and full-time missionaries who for various reasons felt their own local church leaders could not help them. Kimball "had no patience for sin [but] almost infinite patience for sinners",^[46] and often spent long hours with individuals in greatest distress. In 1959, Kimball and fellow apostle Mark E. Petersen were assigned to counsel church members dealing with homosexuality, which Kimball believed could, "like all other problems", be overcome through "consistent prayerful exercise of self-restraint".^[47] Kimball's experiences impelled his writing of The Miracle of Forgiveness, first published in 1969, which dealt frankly with the serious nature of LDS standards on sexual morality and counseled church members on avoidance, and repentance, of such problems.^[48]

Health challenges

Beginning in 1932, Kimball began suffering from painful boils and infectious sores, which plagued him until the advent of antibacterial medicines like sulfonamides and penicillin during World War II.^[49]

In May 1948, while holding Church meetings throughout Navajo and Apache communities in Arizona, Kimball suffered severe chest pain from a myocardial infarction after spending an afternoon struggling to lift an automobile out of deep sand.^[50] Kimball was physically sluggish throughout the rest of the trip, and upon returning to Salt Lake City and undergoing an electrocardiogram, his physician prescribed one month of rest from his Church duties.^[50] Kimball had considered himself to be generally healthy and fit, and persuaded his physician not to tell the other LDS apostles or the First Presidency.^[50] However, on his next assignment in Rigby, Idaho, Kimball again experienced chest pains, which escalated into another heart attack several days after his return.^[50] During his early episodes, Kimball passed the time by discussing his wishes regarding the family's finances and investments with Camilla in the event he did not survive the infarctions.^[51] After receiving a priesthood blessing from church president George Albert Smith, Kimball spent two months on bed rest followed by two weeks resting on the Navajo Nation, and at his physician's urging spent several additional weeks recuperating with his wife near the seashore in Long Beach, California.^[52] A cardiologist Kimball visited in California believed that his heart had been weakened by an undiagnosed case of rheumatic fever during childhood, and instructed Kimball to avoid overwork and gaining unnecessary weight.^[53] Kimball's chest pains recurred occasionally throughout the next several years, particularly in times of greatest stress or fatigue.^[54]

In early 1950, Kimball began experiencing persistent hoarseness and, after a physical examination, underwent a biopsy of a white spot in his throat. The biopsy caused some brief voice impairment, and indicated that Kimball had a throat infection but not cancer.^[55] In late 1956 Kimball's hoarseness returned, coupled with occasional bleeding in the back of his throat.^[56] Kimball's physician sent him to New York City to meet with Dr. Hayes Martin (1892–1977), a renowned expert on cancers of the head and neck.^[56] Martin performed another biopsy, which indicated "borderline malignancy", and in early 1957 Martin recommended immediate surgery.^[57] Kimball had neglected to seek approval from LDS church president David O. McKay regarding his 1957 biopsy, a procedure which in the 1950s itself could cause permanent vocal damage. Kimball felt "that I belong to the Church with every moment and energy and power I possess...", and that as an LDS apostle he should have sought McKay's approval before undergoing surgical procedures which could render him incapable of fulfilling apostolic duties.^[58] McKay stated that he believed Kimball could still serve as an LDS apostle even if he underwent a complete laryngectomy, and advised him to go forward with the procedure. Martin subsequently surgically removed one of Kimball's vocal cords and half of the other, leaving him barely able to speak above a hoarse whisper.^[59] After several weeks of enforced silence, Kimball slowly recovered, and by November 1957 was allowed by his physician to resume speaking in public.^[60] Kimball's voice remained raspy throughout the rest of his life, and he usually wore an ear-mounted microphone to help magnify his voice, even when speaking at normal microphone-equipped pulpits.

In 1972, at age 76, Kimball began experiencing difficulty breathing, excessive fatigue, and sleeplessness. Medical examinations discovered serious aortic calcification and some coronary artery disease.^[61] At the same time, Kimball had experienced a recurrence of his earlier throat cancer, and his heart surgery was postponed for him to undergo radiation therapy on his throat, which was successful.^[61] Immediately following the conclusion of the LDS Church's April 1972 General Conference, Kimball and Camilla each received a priesthood blessing in the Salt Lake Temple from the entire First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.^[61] On 12 April 1972, Kimball underwent a 4.5 hour open-heart surgery performed by eminent cardiothoracic surgeon and future LDS apostle Russell M. Nelson.^[61] The surgery was successful, and Kimball spent the next several months recovering.

Church presidency (1974–1985)

Kimball as church president.

Given Kimball's history of health challenges, few people (including Kimball himself) anticipated him living long enough to become president of the LDS Church. However, on 26 December 1973 Harold B. Lee, who was four years younger than Kimball and had been in much better health, unexpectedly died, leaving Kimball as the most senior LDS apostle and thus the presumptive new church president.^[62] Kimball was ordained church president on 30 December 1973, the day after Lee's funeral,^[63] choosing N. Eldon Tanner and Marion G. Romney as his first and second counselors. Boyd K. Packer recalled shortly afterward discovering Kimball sitting alone in the church president's office quietly weeping, saying: "I am such a little man for such a big responsibility!"^[64]

Missionary work

Prior to the church's general conference in April 1974, several months after becoming church president, Kimball delivered a landmark address to the combined LDS general authorities on his vision of LDS missionary work growing globally into the 21st century.^[65] In the address, Kimball envisioned the LDS Church moving beyond sending American missionaries to other nations to where those nations would be able to furnish enough missionaries for their own countries with extras to send to India, China, and the Soviet Union, all large nations where the LDS Church was then unable to proselyte.^[65] Kimball challenged the attendees to "lengthen your stride", a phrase which was later used to define Kimball's presidency. Many in attendance recorded being spiritually awestruck by Kimball's address. One wrote: "It was as if, spiritually speaking, our hair began to stand on end... We realized that President Kimball was opening spiritual windows and beckoning us to come and gaze with him on the plans of eternity."^[66] After Kimball finished, Ezra Taft Benson told the congregation: "No greater address has been given before any seminar...There is in very deed a prophet in Israel."^[67] Gordon B. Hinckley told Kimball: "None of us can ever be quite the same after that."^[67]

Kimball was the earliest church president to clearly state that all LDS young men should serve a full-time mission. When Kimball became president in 1974, the LDS Church had 17,000 full-time missionaries, and within several years had 25,000.^[68] Between 1976 and 1978, the church built and dedicated its Missionary Training Center in Provo, Utah, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Brigham Young University, where new missionaries spent several weeks training in scripture, teaching methods, and, if necessary, a new language.^[69]

1978 revelation on priesthood

Main article: 1978 Revelation on Priesthood

Physical decline and death

On 28 March 1975, his 80th birthday, Kimball said: "I can't believe that I am eighty years old....I don't feel eighty, and I don't think in those terms."^[84] However, Kimball suffered from a myriad of mostly minor health issues ranging from blurred vision to osteoarthritis in his spine.^[85] In July 1979 Kimball suffered a series of three minor strokes, theorized to have been caused by small nylon fibers shed by his artificial heart valve, which briefly incapacitated him but had little lasting effect. In September 1979, Kimball suddenly experienced loss of strength throughout his entire body without affecting his mental clarity. A CAT scan indicated Kimball had developed a subdural hematoma, though its cause was never pinpointed. A neurosurgeon quickly drilled a small hole in Kimball's skull, just above his right ear, from which nearly 1 cup (235 mL) of blood and fluid drained out. Kimball left the hospital 12 days after his operation, and insisted on participating in the October 1979 general conference. In November 1979, Kimball underwent a similar operation on another less severe hematoma.^[86]

In the summer of 1981, Kimball's health began to decline rapidly. He began suffering from bouts of confusion and difficulty speaking.^[87] Realizing his deteriorating capacity and the poor health of his two counselors in the church's First Presidency, Kimball called Gordon B. Hinckley as a third counselor to assist in the church's daily administration. Shortly following Hinckley's selection, Kimball developed a third subdural hematoma of greater seriousness than the previous two. The subsequent surgery left Kimball with intermittent difficulty in speaking and activity, and further damaged his vision and hearing. By 1982, Kimball was rarely well enough to appear in public, and his leadership as church president was largely limited to giving final approval or denial to more important church matters brought to him by Hinckley.^[88] At the Sunday afternoon session of the church's April 1982 general conference, Kimball unexpectedly took the pulpit to deliver a short closing message, which proved to be his final public address. Over subsequent years, Kimball would occasionally attend meetings in the Salt Lake Temple and was able to give assent or direction on matters of significance, such as the calling of Russell M. Nelson and Dallin H. Oaks to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1984, but was otherwise mostly incapacitated for his final years.

Kimball was mentally alert for his 90th birthday on 28 March 1985, and attended that week's meeting of the First Presidency and the Twelve Apostles in the Salt Lake Temple. In November 1985, Kimball suffered a recurrence of a previous bleeding peptic ulcer, and his family decided not to take surgical action.^[89] Kimball died just after 10:00pm on 5 November 1985.^[89] One of Kimball's final utterances, which he repeated several times in the days before his death, was: "My life is at an end now. She's so happy, oh so very happy." When pressed to whom he was referring to by "she", Kimball indicated he meant his mother, Olive Woolley Kimball, who had died in 1906 when Kimball was eleven years old.^[89]

Legacy

Grave of Spencer and Camilla Kimball in Salt Lake City.

The number of missionaries also greatly increased and a burst of temple building occurred. His book The Miracle of Forgiveness is one of the best-known church books within the LDS Church.

Works

Kimball, Spencer W. (1969). The Miracle of Forgiveness. Bookcraft, Inc. ISBN 978-0-88494-192-7.
—— (1972). Faith Precedes the Miracle: Based on Discourses of Spencer W. Kimball. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 978-0-87747-490-6.
—— (1975). One Silent Sleepless Night.
—— (1981). President Kimball Speaks Out. Deseret Book Company.
—— (1987). Proclaiming the Gospel: President Kimball Speaks on Missionary Work. Bookcraft, Inc.
—— (1982). Edward L. Kimball, ed. The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball. Bookcraft, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57008-938-1.
—— (2006). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Spencer W. Kimball. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (This book was used as the Church's adult Priesthood/Relief Society instruction manual for the calendar year 2007.)

References

Footnotes

↑ Kimball and Ezra Taft Benson were ordained on the same date to fill the vacancies in the Quorum of the Twelve resulting from the deaths of Cannon and Clawson.
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:63-65)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:68)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:72)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:73-76)
↑ Gibbons (1995:59-61)
↑ Gibbons (1995:65-66)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:89-91)
↑ Gibbons (1995:68-70)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:103)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:101)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:101-102)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:111)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:116-118)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:120-135)
↑ 16.0 16.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:187)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:162-164)
↑ Gibbons (1995:118)
↑ Gibbons (1995:118)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:173)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:176-178)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:180)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:174)
↑ Quoted in Kimball & Kimball (1977:181)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:189)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:190)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:189-191)
↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Kimball & Kimball (1977:195)
↑ Gibbons (1995:144)
↑ Gibbons (1995:145)
↑ 31.0 31.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:217)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:217-218)
↑ 33.0 33.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:218)
↑ 34.0 34.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:219)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:237)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:236)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:237-268)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:240)
↑ 39.0 39.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:241)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:243-244)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:273-274)
↑ Spencer W. Kimball, "The Evil of Intolerance", in Conference Report (April 1954): 103-108.
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:274)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:287)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:287-288)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:380)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:381)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:378)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:182)
↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Kimball & Kimball (1977:249-251)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:251)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:252-254)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:262)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:256)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:263-264)
↑ 56.0 56.1 Kimball & Kimball (1977:300)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:301-306)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:306)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:206-207)
↑ Kimball & Kimball (1977:311)
↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Kimball & Kimball (1977:394-396)
↑ Kimball (2005:5)
↑ Kimball (2005:7)
↑ Kimball (2005:8)
↑ 65.0 65.1 Kimball (2005:18)
↑ Kimball (2005:18-19)
↑ 67.0 67.1 Kimball (2005:19)
↑ Kimball (2005:115-117)
↑ Kimball (2005:116-117)
↑ Lester E. Bush, Jr. (1973), "Mormonism's Negro Doctrine", in Dialogue 8 (Spring 1973): 11-68, cited in Kimball (2005:196-197)
↑ Kimball (2005:227)
↑ Prince & Wright (2005:97)
↑ Kimball (2005:213)
↑ 74.0 74.1 Kimball (2005:216)
↑ Kimball (2005:219)
↑ 2005 (:220)
↑ Mark E. Petersen was in Ecuador on an assignment and Delbert L. Stapley was in the hospital receiving medical care.
↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 Kimball (2005:221)
↑ Kimball (2005:222-224)
↑ Bruce R. McConkie, "The Receipt of the Revelation Offering the Priesthood to Men of All Races and Colors", June 30, 1978, Kimball Papers; cited in Kimball (2005:222) and McConkie (2003:373-379).
↑ Kimball (2005:222)
↑ Gordon B. Hinckley, "Priesthood Restoration", Ensign (October 1988).
↑ Kimball (2005:231)
↑ Kimball (2005:383)
↑ Kimball (2005:385)
↑ Kimball (2005:387-393)
↑ Kimball (2005:397)
↑ Kimball (2005:402)
↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 Kimball (2005:413)

Works Cited

Associated Press (9 November 1985). "Spencer Kimball Dies at 90; Was Mormon Church Leader". New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Church Educational System (2005). "Chapter 12: Spencer W. Kimball: Twelfth President of the Church". Presidents of the Church: Student Manual. LDS Church.
Dart, John (6 November 1985). "Spencer W. Kimball, 90, Dies; Led Mormon Church". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
Gibbons, Francis M. (1995), Spencer W. Kimball: Resolute Disciple, Prophet of God, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, ISBN 0-87579-994-9 .
Kimball, Edward L.; Kimball, Andrew E., Jr. (1977), Spencer W. Kimball, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, ISBN 0-88494-330-5 .
Kimball, Edward L. (2005), Lengthen Your Stride: The Presidency of Spencer W. Kimball, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, ISBN 1-59038-457-1 .
McConkie, Joseph Fielding (2003), The Bruce R. McConkie Story: Reflections of a Son, Salt lake City: Deseret Book .
Prince, Gregory A.; Wright, Wm. Robert (2005), David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, ISBN 0-87480-822-7 .

External links

Media related to Spencer W. Kimball at Wikimedia Commons

Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Spencer W. Kimball

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
Preceded by Harold B. Lee	President of the Church December 30, 1973–November 5, 1985	Succeeded by Ezra Taft Benson

Preceded by Harold B. Lee	President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles July 7, 1972 –December 30, 1973
Preceded by Harold B. Lee	Quorum of the Twelve Apostles October 7, 1943–December 30, 1973

v t e Presidents of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

J. Smith (1830–44) Young (1847–77) Taylor (1880–87) Woodruff (1889–98) Snow (1898–1901) J. F. Smith, Sr. (1901–18) Grant (1918–45) G. A. Smith (1945–51) McKay (1951–70) J. F. Smith, Jr. (1970–72) Lee (1972–73) Kimball (1973–85) Benson (1985–94) Hunter (1994–95) Hinckley (1995–2008) Monson (2008–)

Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Marsh (1835–39)
B. Young, Sr. (1839–47)
Hyde (1847–75)
Taylor (1875–80)
Woodruff (1880–89)
Snow (1889–98)
F.D. Richards (1898–99)
B. Young, Jr. (1899–1901)
J.F. Smith, Sr. (1901)
B. Young, Jr. (1901–03)
Lyman (1903–16)
Grant (1916–18)
Lund (1918–21)
Clawson (1921–43)
G.A. Smith (1943–45)
G.F. Richards (1945–50)
McKay (1950–51)
J.F. Smith, Jr. (1951–70)
Lee (1970–72)
Kimball (1972–73)
Benson (1973–85)
Romney (1985–88)
Hunter (1988–94)
Hinckley (1994–95)
Monson (1995–2008)
Packer (2008–)

Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Authority control	WorldCat VIAF: 67278864 LCCN: n80008254 ISNI: 0000 0000 6319 8537 GND: 119555956

Persondata
Name	Kimball, Spencer Woolley
Alternative names
Short description	President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Date of birth	March 28, 1895
Place of birth
Date of death	November 5, 1985
Place of death

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