Sodium periodate

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Sodium periodate

IUPAC name Sodium periodate
Other names Sodium metaperiodate
Identifiers
CAS number	7790-28-5^Y
PubChem	23667635
ChemSpider	58683^Y
EC number	232-197-6
ChEBI	CHEBI:75226^N
RTECS number	SD4550000
Jmol-3D images	{{#if:[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[Na+]\|Image 1
SMILES [O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[Na+]
InChI InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-REWHXWOFAO InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Properties
Molecular formula	NaIO4
Molar mass	213.8918 g/mol
Appearance	white crystals
Density	3.865 g/cm³ (anhydrous) 3/210 g/cm³
Melting point	300 °C (anhydrous) 175 °C (trihydrate) (decomp)
Solubility in water	soluble
Solubility	soluble in acids
Structure
Crystal structure	tetragonal (anhydrous) trigonal (trihydrate)
Related compounds
Other anions	sodium perchlorate, sodium perbromate
Other cations	potassium periodate
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Sodium periodate is the sodium salt of periodic acid. It can refer to two different chemical compounds, sodium metaperiodate, which has the formula NaIO₄, and sodium orthoperiodate (IUPAC: sodium hydrogen periodate), which has the formula Na₂H₃IO₆. Both salts are useful in certain synthetic chemistries owing to their oxidative power.^[1]

Preparation

Sodium metaperiodate can be isolated from the oxidation of sodium iodide with sodium hypochlorite and is best recrystallized from nitric acid. However, electrochemistry offers an easier alternative.

Uses

Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3'-termini of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

NaIO₄ is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.^[2]

In 2013 US Army announced that it would replace environmentally harmful chemicals barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate with sodium metaperiodate for use in their tracer ammunition.^[3]

References

↑ Andrew G. Wee, Jason Slobodian, Manuel A. Fernández-Rodríguez and Enrique Aguilar "Sodium Periodate" e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2006. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rs095.pub2
↑ McMurry, John. Organic chemistry (8th ed., [international ed.] ed.). Singapore: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. pp. 285 – 286. ISBN 9780840054531.
↑ "Picatinny to remove tons of toxins from lethal rounds". U.S. Army. Retrieved 31 October 2013.

See Fatiadi, Synthesis (1974)229-272 for a review of periodate chemistry.

v t e Sodium compounds

NaAlO₂ NaBH₄ NaBH₃(CN) NaBiO₃ NaBr NaBrO NaBrO₃ NaCH₃COO NaC₆H₅CO₂ NaC₆H₄(OH)CO₂ NaCN NaCl NaClO NaClO₂ NaClO₃ NaClO₄ NaF NaFO Na₂FeO₄ NaH NaHCO₃ NaH₂PO₄ NaHSO₃ NaHSO₄ NaI NaIO₃ NaIO₄ Na₅IO₆ NaMnO₄ NaN₃ NaNH₂ NaNO₂ NaNO₃ NaO₂ NaO₃ NaOH NaPO₂H₂ NaReO₄ NaSCN NaSH NaTcO₄ NaVO₃ Na₂CO₂ Na₂CO₃ Na₄CO₄ Na₂C₂O₄ Na₂CrO₄ Na₂Cr₂O₇ Na₂MnO₄ Na₃MnO₄ Na₂MoO₄ Na₂MoS₄ Na₂O Na₂O₂ Na₂O(UO₃)₂ Na₂S Na₂SO₃ Na₂SO₄ Na₂S₂O₃ Na₂S₂O₄ Na₂S₂O₅ Na₂S₂O₆ Na₂S₂O₇ Na₂S₂O₈ Na₂Se Na₂SeO₃ Na₂SeO₄ Na₂SiO₃ Na₂Si₂O₅ Na₄SiO₄ Na₂Te Na₂TeO₃ Na₂Po Na₂Ti₃O₇ Na₂U₂O₇ NaWO₄ Na₂Zn(OH)₄ Na₃N Na₃P Na₃VO₄ Na₄Fe(CN)₆ Na₅P₃O₁₀

Chemical formulas

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