Simjurids

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The Simjurids were a Turkish family that served the Samanid emirs (also transliterated as amirs, aamirs or ameers) of Bukhara in the 10th century. They played an influential role in the history of eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan during this time, and by the second half of the 10th century they had built a semi-independent principality in Khurasan.

History

The Simjurids originated as Turkish slaves (mameluks or ghilman) for the Samanid amirs.[1] They quickly rose to prominence thanks to their skills as military commanders and governors, along with their extensive estates in the Quhistan region which acted as a permanent power base.[2]

Their founder and eponym, Simjur al-Dawati, was appointed to various governorships in eastern and central Iran, and helped the Samanids to expand their authority in that region. His son Abu Ishaq Ibrahim was appointed as governor of Khurasan in 944/945, but only held it for a short time. After Ibrahim's death, his son Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad was invested with the governorship of Khurasan and served in that position for almost three decades.[2]

With the ascension of the child Nuh ibn Mansur to the Samanid amirate, Muhammad was able to gain greater autonomy from Bukhara for himself. He was a key figure in the struggles that wracked the Samanid state in the 970s and 980s. When he died, his son Abu 'Ali al-Muzaffar took his father's place. Abu 'Ali completely renounced the sovereignty of the Samanids and was able to resist his enemies for some time, but was ultimately captured and executed by the Ghaznavids, another Turkish slave family, who then took over Khurasan.[2]

List of Simjuirds

  • Simjur al-Dawati, (913-914)
  • Ibrahim ibn Simjur, 1st governorship(922-926), 2nd governorship(945-946)
  • Muhammad I ibn Ibrahim, 1st governorship(956-960), 2nd governorship(961-982)
  • Muhammad II ibn Muhammad, I 1st governorship(984-987), 2nd governorship(995-997)
  • 'Ali bin Muhammad I

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Bosworth, p. 175
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Treadwell

References

  • Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Great Britain: Columbia University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-231-10714-5
  • Treadwell, Luke. "Simjurids." Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
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