Shqiptar

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Shqip(ë)tar (plural: Shqip(ë)tarët, feminine: Shqip(ë)tare) is an Albanian language ethnonym (autonym), by which Albanians call themselves.[1]

Origin theories

The origin of the ethnic name Shqiptar:

  • Gustav Meyer derived Shqiptar from the Albanian verbs shqipoj (to speak clearly) and shqiptoj (to speak out, pronounce), which are in turn derived from the Latin verb excipere, denoting brethren who speak the Albanian language, similar to the ethno-linguistic dichotomies Sloven-Nemac and Deutsch-Wälsch.[1] This is the theory also sustained by Robert Elsie.[2]
  • A theory by Ludwig Thallóczy, Milan Šufflay and Konstantin Jireček, which is today considered obsolete, derived the name from a Drivastine family name recorded in varying forms during the 14th century: Schepuder (1368), Scapuder (1370), Schipudar, Schibudar (1372), Schipudar (1383, 1392), Schapudar (1402), etc.
  • Maximilian Lambertz derived the word from the Albanian noun shqipe,or shqiponjë (eagle), which, according to Albanian folk etymology, denoted a bird totem dating from the times of Skanderbeg, as displayed on the Albanian flag.[3]
  • A Slovenian theory states, that shqiptar (pronounced ship-tahr, "šiptar" in Slovenian) originates from the English word "shipping" (transporting, inporting), likely because of people and merchandise migration in and out of Albania.
Alb. Shqipe, Shqiptar etc. also reflects a late, post-classical form sclavus, a variant *skljab being reconstructable for Albanian. Orel (1998: 434) assumes that shqipe would be a

calque after the Slavic parallel slověne ‘Slavs’ as derived from slovo ‘word’, in Albanian

shqipoj ‘to speak clearly = to speak in our language’ – Shqipe, Shqiptar.[4]
  • Sorin Paliga says that the ethnonym shqipe ‘Albanian’, shqip (adj.), proves that there is a link between the Sclaveni of the 5th century and modern Albanians. See a more

detailed discussion in Paliga and Teodor 2009: p. 80-84.

Use in South Slavic languages

The term Šiptar using across South Slavic languages (Cyrillic: Шиптар) is considered derogatory by Albanians in Serbian,[5][6][7] Macedonian,[8] and other South Slavic languages.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mirdita, Zef (1969). "Iliri i etnogeneza Albanaca". Iz istorije Albanaca. Zbornik predavanja. Priručnik za nastavnike. Beograd: Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika Socijalističke Republike Srbije. pp. 13–14. 
  2. ↑ Robert Elsie, A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2001, ISBN 978-1-85065-570-1, p. 79.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "ALBANCI". Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 2nd ed. Supplement. Zagreb: JLZ. 1984. p. 1. 
  4. ↑ Romanoslavica vol. XLVI, #4: 101 WHEN COULD BE DATED ‘THE EARLIEST SLAVIC BORROWINGS IN ROMANIAN’? Sorin PALIGA
  5. ↑ Vladimir Arsenijević, Naše crnje
  6. ↑ Jovan Ćirilov, Albanac ili Šiptar
  7. ↑ Prestati sa govorom mržnje i prikrivanjem činjenica o Kosovu
  8. ↑ Албанците во енциклопедијата - „шиптари“

See also

  • Shqip
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