Shirvanshah Fariburz
| Fariburz I | |
|---|---|
| Shah of Shirvan | |
| Reign | 1063 – 1096 |
| Coronation | 1063 |
| Full name | Al-Malik Al-Adil Fariburz b. Salar |
| Born | ? |
| Birthplace | Şamaxı |
| Died | 1096 |
| Place of death | Şamaxı |
| Predecessor | Shirvanshah Salar |
| Successor | Shirvanshah Manuchehr II |
| Consort | daughter of Sarir king Tokku [1] |
| Issue |
Shirvanshah Manuchehr II Shirvanshah Afridun I |
| Royal House | House of Shirvanshah |
| Father | Shirvanshah Salar |
Al-Malik Al-Adil Fariburz was the sixteenth independent Shah of Shirvan.[2]
Reign
His reign saw many major political balance changes in Caucasus, including Seljuk advance and battles against Georgians. He was considered as great ruler with diplomatic skills. His kingdom extended from Mughan to Kumuk and Alan lands, he invaded Ganja and Arran.
Relation with Shaddadids
In 1063, Shaddadid emir Abu-l-Aswar Shavur I bin al-Fadl I raided Shirvan multiple times, captured Guylamiyan castle. Shah sent his son Afridun to gain support from his father-in-law - king of Sarir but turned down unseccessfully until next year when Fariburz I signed peace agreement.
Internal problems
Shah's cousin - Hormuzd bin Manuchehr died in 9 April 1065 in his hereditary fief in Tabasaran. Fariburz demanded fief's inheritance as he was only close relative alive but turn downed by city council,[3] which caused Derbent's sack by shah. In 1071, Seljuk leader Alp Arslan demanded turn over of Derbent to him, shah was forced to accept.
Karatekin's invasion
Emir Karatekin was one of warlords of Alp Arslan, invaded Shirvan in 22 November 1066 with shah's uncle - Prince Mamlan bin Yazid and sacked Baku. During siege of Shamakhy, Fariburz bribed sultan's hajib and murdered his uncle in 24 February 1067. After Karatekin's withdrawal, shah pledged alliance to Alp Arslan
Derbent's rebellion
Derbent was main problem of Shirvanshahs for centuries. In 1068, shah's brother Prince Guzdaham fled to Derbent and started rebellion. Haydaq and Tuweyk citizens also joined rebellion and defeated shah army several times. But shah bribed emir of Derbent Mufarrij ibn Muzaffar and defeated his brother, put his son Afridun in charge of city.[4] Guzdaham forced to flee and died in 1072, near Shaki._1.JPG)
Relation with Georgians
In 1068, Aghsartan I of Kakheti submitted to the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan, agreed to pay tribute, and secured the Turkish support against King Bagrat IV of Georgia who had seized part of the Kakhetian territory. Shah, was searching for opportunity to seize Shaki, in June, 1072 combined Shirvanshah-Shaddadid force invaded Shaki and massacred nearly all christian and pagan population of city, which forced Aghsartan to accept Islam.
Legacy
Although he was nominal vassal of Seljuks, minted his coins with inscription: "Al-Malik Al-Adil Al-Shuja Fariburz, bin Salar, Shirvanshah"[5] According to medieval poet Khaqani, Fariburz was first Shirvanshah ever to make a pilgrim to Kaaba.[6] His grand vizier was a Kakid descendant - Baha-ad-din al-Kakui, a family of Daylamite origin which Makan ibn Kaki was also belonged to and held position of grand vizier for several lineages.[7]
References
- ↑ Minorsky, p.58-59, arabic text, §20, p. 14-15.
- ↑ S. Ashurbeyli – Shirvanshahs, Baku, 2007
- ↑ Ibn Havqal - Tarikhi al-Bab
- ↑ V.Minorsky - History of Shirvan, p.60-61
- ↑ Пaxoмoв. Moнeтныe клaды, вып.VИI. c.l 12
- ↑ Khaqani, "Kulliyati-Khaqani", "Madh to Ismataddin"
- ↑ Бeйлиc. Coчинeния Macyдa. s.36 (v.ПOb), s.42-43, v. 139a, s.20, v.l67a, b, v.l24b, 150a,b, v.l55a
| Shirvanshah Fariburz Born: ? Died: 1096 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Shirvanshah Salar |
Shirvanshah 1063-1096 |
Succeeded by Shirvanshah Manuchehr II |
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