Shilmani
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The Shilmani,[1] Shalmani or Sulemani (Pashto: سليمانى,شلمانى) are a Pashtun tribe who are primarily concentrated in the Shalman Valley in Khyber Agency near Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tribe is also present in different areas of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. In Pakistan, the tribe lives in Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Bajour, Buner, Shangla, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Haripur, Malakand District, Dargai, Sakha Koat, Charsadda, and Umarzai (Hashtnagar).
History
Khan Roshan Khan a Pakhtun historian says that Shalmani were originally brought to Swat District by one of the famous Pakhtun conquerors and kings, Muhammad of Ghor,[2] from Shalman Valley and Karman Afghanistan.
According to Khan Roshan khan, Shalmani or shilmani, are "Banu Bakht," who were living in an area "Shalman" in Syria. These Banu Bakht were the landlords of Shalman, Ainab and Baiswad at the border of Lebanon and Syria. But when they exiled to Khorasan, they were known as Shalmani and Baiswad in Khorasan because of their place name "Shalman" in Syria.[3]
M.Saida Khan Shinwari gives that. Shilmani are divided as Shamsher Khel, Halimzai and Kam Shilmanis and considers them to be Mohmand. He states that Shamsher Khels are related to Morcha Khel Mohmands, Halimzai to Halimzai Mohmands and Kam Shilmanis to Tarakzai Mohmands. Officially the Shilmanis are treated as a separate tribe since the Khyber Agreement of 1881. The Shilmanis are closer to Mohmands in characteristics and based on historical evidence they appear to be close kinsmen of the Mohmand.[4]
Hashtnagar
In his book, Suleman Shahid suggests that Shilmani were the strongest among other Pashtun (Pathan) tribes like Dilazak. Primarily they were under Swat District state and Swati King by name Sultan Pakal, but later on Mir Hinda, who was a combatant leader by origin as Tajiki clan, occupied Hashtnagar and announced it as "Hashtnagar State of Shalmanies".[5] After centuries when Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe) exiled by Mughal Empire from Afghanistan, they attacked Shilmanis Hashtnagar with the support of Dilazak and other allied tribes of Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe). Because Shalmani were strong and it was unable to defeat them, this battle was ended after two years.[5]
References
- ↑ Pete Heiden (2012). Pakistan. ABDO Publishing Company. p. 75.
- ↑ Khan Roshan Khan. Yūsufzaʻī Qaum kī Sarguzasht:K̲h̲ashshī Qabāʻil aur G̲h̲auriyāk̲h̲īl...kī ḥairat angaez, mufassil aur tahqīqī sarguzasht (in Urdu). OCLC 81889189."
- ↑ Khan Roshan Khan (1980). Tazkira: Paṭhānon̲ kī aṣliyyat aur un kī tārīk̲h̲ (in Urdu). Navān̲ Kalī. p. 379. OCLC 18789582.
- ↑ M. Saida Khan (1926). The Khyber: A Historical Sketch. A.R. Yusuñ. OCLC 5705079.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sulaimān Shāhid (2005). Gumnām riyāsat : Dīr ke lākhon̲ maz̤lūmon̲ ke nām. Muḥammad Raḥmán Buk Ḍipo. p. 73. OCLC 62110093.
Further reading
- Christian Tripodi (2011). Edge of Empire: The British Political Officer and Tribal Administration on the North-West Frontier 1877-1947. Ashgate Publishing. p. 206. ISBN 9780754694915. OCLC 726826683.
- H.A. Rose (1914). A Glossary of the Tribes & Castes of the Punjab & North-west Frontier Province. Superintendent, Government printing, Punjab. OCLC 635489321.
- H.A. Rose (1997). A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province 3. Nirmal Publishers.
- "Tribe, Clan, & Ethnic Genealogies". US Naval Postgraduate School.
- Teepu Mahabat Khan (2005). The land of Khyber. Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693517520. OCLC 192109133.
- Shamsur Rahman Shams (1990). The Poets of Malakand. OCLC 24832107.