Seychelles Plate

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The spectacular granite outcrops of the Seychelles Islands in the central Indian Ocean were amongst the earliest examples cited by Alfred Wegener as evidence for his continental drift theory.[1] Ridge-plume interactions have been responsible for separating a thinned continental sliver from a large continent (India).[2]

The granites of the Seychelles microcontinent were emplaced 750 Ma, during the late Precambrian.[3][4][5][6] Thermally-induced rifting in the Somali Basin and transform rifting along the Davie fracture zone began in the late Permian 225 million years ago, with Gondwana supercontinent beginning to break up in the mid-Jurassic (about 167 million years ago) when East Gondwana, comprising Antarctica, Madagascar, India, and Australia, began to separate from Africa; East Gondwana then began to separate about 115-120 million years ago when India began to move northward.[5] The Seychelles then underwent two more stages of rifting to isolate it from Madagascar and India. Between 84-95 million years ago rifting separated Seychelles/India from Madagascar. An initial period of transform rifting moved the Seychelles/India block northward.[5] At 84 million years ago oceanic crust started to form in the Mascarene basin,[7] causing a rotation of the Seychelles/India land mass. This continued until 66 million years ago when new rifting severed the Seychelles from India forming the currently active Carlsberg Ridge. The rift jump coincided with the maximum output of the Deccan traps,[8] and volcanics found on the Seychelles Plateau have also been linked with this event.[5] This has led to suggestions that the initiation of the Reunion plume caused rifting to jump to its current location.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Alfred Wegener (1924) The Origin of Continents and Oceans, 212 pp., Methuen, New York. ISBN 978-0-486-61708-4
  2. ↑ C. GAINA, R. D. MÜLLER, B. J. BROWN, and T. ISHIHARA (2002-04-03). Microcontinent formation around Australia. Geological Society of America. 
  3. ↑ Miller, J. A., and J. D. Mudie (1961), Potassium–argon age determinations on granite from the islands of Mah ́e in the Seychelles archipelago, Nature, 192, 1174–1175.
  4. ↑ Wasserburg, G. J., H. Craig, H. W. Menard, A. E. J. Engel, and C. J. Engel (1963), Age and composition of a Bounty Islands granite and age of a Seychelles Islands granite, J. Geol., 71, 785–789.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Plummer, P. S., and E. R. Belle (1995), Mesozoic tectono–stratigraphic evolution of the Seychelles microcontinent, Sedimentary Geology, 96, 73–91.
  6. ↑ Tucker, R. D., L. D. Ashwal, and T. H. Torsvik (2001), U–Pb geochronology of Seychelles granitoids: a Neoproterozoic continental arc fragment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 27–38.
  7. ↑ Schlich, R. (1982), The Indian Ocean: aseismic ridges, spreading centres and basins, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, Vol 6. The Indian Ocean, pp. 51–147, Plenum, New York.
  8. ↑ Duncan, R. A., and D. G. Pyle (1988), Rapid eruption of the Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Nature, 333, 841–843.
  9. ↑ Mu ̈ller, R. D., C. Gaina, W. R. Roest, and D. L. Hansen (2001), A recipe for microcontinent formation, Geology, 29(3), 203–206
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