Serov (town)

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Serov (English)
Серов (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia
Serov
Location of Serov in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Coordinates: 59°36′N 60°34′E / 59.600°N 60.567°E / 59.600; 60.567Coordinates: 59°36′N 60°34′E / 59.600°N 60.567°E / 59.600; 60.567
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Sverdlovsk Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to Town of Serov[2]
Administrative center of Serovsky District,[1] Town of Serov[citation needed]
Municipal status (as of June 2009)
Urban okrug Serovsky Urban Okrug[3]
Administrative center of Serovsky Urban Okrug[citation needed]
Mayor[citation needed] Vladimir Anisimov[citation needed]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 99,373 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2010 168th
Time zone YEKT (UTC+06:00)[5]
Town status since 1926[citation needed]
Previous names Nadezhdinsk (until 1934),[citation needed]
Kabakovsk (until 1937),[citation needed]
Nadezhdinsk (until 1939)[citation needed]
Postal code(s)[6] 624XXX
Dialing code(s) +7 34385[citation needed]
Official website
Church of the Annunciation in Serov

Serov (Russian: Серо́в) is a mining and commercial town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains, on the left bank of the Kakva River (a tributary of the Sosva), about 350 kilometers (220 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 99,373 (2010 Census);[4] 99,804 (2002 Census);[7] 104,158 (1989 Census).[8]

History

Archaeological evidence suggests that the area of Serov was populated as early as 1000 BCE by the Mansi or their ancestors. In the early days of Russian colonization of Siberia, there were only a few minor villages in the area. The situation changed in 1893, when the chief manager of Bogoslovsk Mining District, Alexander Auerbakh, proposed a construction of a cast iron and rail plant on the Kakva River near the end of an existing railroad. This year the construction of a workers settlement began. It was named Nadezhdinsk after Nadezhda Polovtsova, the owner of Bogoslovsk Mining District.[citation needed] The first steel and rails in Nadezhdinsk were produced in 1896. Nadezhdinsk was an important supplier of rails for the Trans-Siberian Railway. Dmitry Mendeleyev, who visited Nadezhdinsk, was pleasantly surprised by the progressive technology used at the plant. The first school in Nadezhdinsk opened in December 1895, the first power plant (415 kW)—in 1907.

Nadezhdinsk was touched by the Revolution of 1905, with the turmoil continuing through 1908. At the beginning of World War I, Nadezhdinsk industry was reshaped to meet the demands of the military. Klein Brothers machine-building factory was relocated to Nadezhdinsk from Riga in 1917. The growing demand for workforce was met by hiring workers from China and Korea, as well as prisoners of war (POWs). There were 1,266 Chinese and Koreans, and 3,329 POWs in Nadezhdinsk in 1917.

On October 27, 1917, two days after the October Revolution in Petrograd, the power in the town was bloodlessly transferred to the Worker's Soviet. On December 18, 1917, Bogoslovsk Mining District, including the Nadezhdinsk plants, was nationalized. In October 1918, the army of the Provisional Government of Siberia, which opposed the Soviets in the Russian Civil War, occupied Nadezhdinsk. On November 20, 1918, two days after admiral Kolchak become the head of the White government of Siberia, the "whites" in Nadezhdinsk executed twenty-three of their "red" opponents. On July 19, 1919, Red partisans, supporting the Soviets, took the settlement back. It was devastated after the Civil War. None of the factories were working and many engineers left the area.

The Soviet government put a lot of efforts to restore normal life and economy. By the end of 1925, Nadezhdinsk plant was running at its full capacity. Streets and house numbers were changed. A hospital, a circus, and a cabaret were opened.

In 1926, Nadezhdinsk was granted town status.[citation needed] In the 1930s, the ferrous metal production in Nadezhdinsk was expanded and diversified. In 1934, the town was renamed Kabakovsk, after I. D. Kabakov, the leader of the Bolshevik Party in Sverdlovsk Oblast. In 1937, Kabakov was dismissed as a result of Stalin's purges, and the town's name was changed back to Nadezhdinsk.[citation needed] In 1939, the town was renamed Serov, after the airpilot A. K. Serov, a former Nadezhdinsk Plant worker, and a Spanish Civil War hero, who died earlier in the same year.[citation needed]

Serov was an important center of steel production during World War II. Due to the shortage of males, who were conscripted into the active service, most steel jobs were taken by women. Numerous organization were evacuated to Serov from the Soviet territories occupied by Germans: hospitals from Polotsk and Smolensk, Lenkom Theater from Leningrad.

After the war, the demand for steel increased even more due to the reconstruction. Serov became a major electrified railroad center and a new power plant was built. In 1958, Serov produced first ferrosilicon. In the 1970s, a timber factory and a gas pipeline were built.

In the early 1990s, failed reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev brought the town economy to a record low level. The town saw a significant growth of unemployment and poverty, as did most other small towns in Russia. At the same time, many businesses were privatized or became municipal property.

On July 14, 1993, a dam at Kiselevskoye water reservoir was broken and 1,373 families lost their houses.

Since the 2000s, the town economy is on the rise, the standards of living went up, and the town appearance continues to improve. In November 2004, Serov hosted Russian Bodybuilding and Fitness Championship.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Serov serves as the administrative center of Serovsky District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[2] As an administrative division, it is, together with thirty-six rural localities, incorporated separately as the Town of Serov[2]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[9] As a municipal division, the Town of Serov is incorporated as Serovsky Urban Okrug.[3]

Economy

Serov is a major center of ferrous metallurgy, which constitutes 80% of its economy. Two largest companies are A. K. Serov Metallurgical Plant and Serov Ferro-Alloys Plant. The latter produces approximately 5% of the world's ferrochromium. Other industries are machine-building, timber, food. Serov Power Plant (Serovskaya GRES) provides electricity to the area. The town is the center of a mining area, with lignite, iron, bauxite, and gold mines.

Climate

The climate is continental, with temperate summers and cold snowy winters.

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 238», в ред. изменения №226/2013 от 1 января 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 65 238, as amended by the Amendment #226/2013 of January 1, 2014. ).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 492», в ред. изменения №226/2013 от 1 января 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 65 492, as amended by the Amendment #226/2013 of January 1, 2014. ).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Law #85-OZ
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012. 
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Russian)
  7. ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  9. ↑ Law #30-OZ

Sources

  • Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Областной закон №30-ОЗ от 20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Oblast Law #30-OZ of May 20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #32-OZ of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
  • Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Закон №85-ОЗ от 12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от 29 октября 2013 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение 39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Law #85-OZ of July 12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #107-OZ of October 29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).

External links

Administrative center: Yekaterinburg
Cities and towns
Administrative districts
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