Self Control (song)

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"Self Control"
Single by Laura Branigan
from the album Self Control
B-side "Silent Partners"
Released April 2, 1984
1992 Germany remix
1999 South Africa remixes
Format 7", 12" (1984)
12", CD maxi single (1992)
CD maxi single (1999)
Recorded 1983
Genre Italo disco
Length 4:06 (album version)
5:01 (original extended version)
3:43 (radio edit)
Label Atlantic
Writer(s) Giancarlo Bigazzi, Steve Piccolo, Raffaele Riefoli
Producer(s) Jack White, Robbie Buchanan
Certification Gold (Germany, Finland)
Silver (UK)
Laura Branigan singles chronology

"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You"
(1983)
"Self Control"
(1984)
"The Lucky One"
(1984)

"Self Control" is the name of an international hit song recorded in 1984 by Laura Branigan, as well as the album on which it appears. The song was recorded earlier that same year with the same English lyrics by Italian singer Raf, who co-wrote the song with Giancarlo Bigazzi and Steve Piccolo. Branigan's version first hit #1 in Germany on June 15, 1984. Raf's version first hit #1 in Italy on June 23, 1984. Branigan's version was the most popular song across Europe during much of the summer of 1984 and was the most successful single of the year in Switzerland. Branigan's version peaked at #4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and also went to #2 on the dance chart.[1]

The song has become one of the defining pop songs of the 1980s, with a number of remakes recorded each year. Notable covers include Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin in 1993, a hit dance remake by Branigan in 2004 and two 2006 versions that hit the Top 5 in various European enclaves, by Danish dance group Infernal and Spanish singer Soraya Arnelas.

History

Branigan's first major hit had also been co-written by Bigazzi. "Gloria" (1982) was an English-language song written over a 1979 Italian song recorded by Umberto Tozzi. The following year Branigan recorded another new English song written over a Tozzi and Bigazzi song, "Mama", which was an album track on 1983's Branigan 2. Branigan chose two more Italian songs for her third album: one, "Ti Amo", featured new lyrics by Diane Warren over a song originally written by Tozzi and Bigazzi that had been a 1977 single for Tozzi. The other would become the title track to the album and her biggest international hit. "Self Control" was the only one of the four Italian songs recorded by Branigan which had been written with English lyrics, and Branigan chose to record the song as written. Also unlike the other songs, Branigan's version was contemporaneous with that of its co-writer.

The Branigan recording was arranged by Giorgio Moroder protégé Harold Faltermeyer with Robbie Buchanan and produced by Buchanan with Jack White in Germany and Los Angeles. A keyboard hook in the Raf version was changed to a guitar riff for Branigan's version and a vocal break from the (Raf) Raffaele Rieffoli's version was repeated and paired with a sharper and repeated percussive element.

Music video and television performances

Branigan was one of the first artists of the video era to work with an Academy Award-winning film director on a music video when William Friedkin (The French Connection, The Exorcist) directed the clip. Filmed in New Jersey and New York City, the video was produced by Fred Caruso and first aired in April 1984.[2]

The video depicts Branigan, sitting in her bedroom while her lover sleeps. Tempted by the allure of the city at night, she gets dressed up and goes out. Brief encounters with a mysterious man in a full-face white mask lead Branigan from the dance floor of a night club to an underground room where the masked man stands in the midst of an orgiastic gathering that he beckons her to join. Branigan allows herself to be led into the group, but ultimately flees in fright. Returning home, Branigan finds that the masked man and some of his throng are, somehow, now in her bedroom. The masked man lowers Branigan to her couch, and she surrenders herself to him. The masked man, standing over Branigan, now lying unconscious on the floor, turns and walks towards the bedroom window, fading away in the morning light. Branigan, consumed by guilt, gets up and turns out the light. The final scene shows Branigan lying awake in bed, when her lover turns to face her, his face hidden behind a familiar white mask.

The video ultimately drew controversy, as it was considered so shockingly steamy that MTV required some edits before it could air.[3] Entertainment Tonight aired a segment on the network's reaction to the clip, which was being played in late-night slots on other networks. Though Branigan resisted at first, her record company convinced her to allow a minor alteration and the video was aired on MTV, though by this time the single had peaked on the charts. Branigan would go on to be nominated for a 1985 American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Video Artist.[4] Branigan's fellow nominees were Tina Turner and Cyndi Lauper, who won the award.

Branigan performed the song live in her debut on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on April 27, 1984.[5] She also promoted the song during appearances on The Merv Griffin Show, Solid Gold (May 12, 1984),[6] Dick Clark's American Bandstand (June 9, 1984)[7] and the syndicated Dick Clark television special Rock Rolls On, which she also co-hosted.

Worldwide chart success

Branigan's recording was a worldwide multi-format hit. In the US, the song became Branigan's 4th consecutive top 10 hit on a Billboard chart in a year and a half, following "Gloria", "Solitaire" and "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You". "Self Control" peaked at #2 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, #4 on the Hot 100 and #5 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[8] In Canada, the track hit #1 on both the pop and AC charts. Both the Raf original and the Branigan version of "Self Control" entered the German Top 20 in May 1984: on June 15 the Branigan single assumed the #1 position where it remained for six weeks while the Raf version was relegated to a #2 peak.[9] Branigan's "Self Control" also entered the Italian charts although the dominance of the Raf version in his native Italy predicated a comparatively low peak Italian chart peak of #29 for Branigan's version.

"Self Control" afforded Laura Branigan a #1 hit in Austria, Sweden[10] and South Africa[11] and was also a smash hit for Branigan in Norway (#2),[10] Ireland (#3),[12] Australia (#3) and the UK (#5).[13] Branigan's album Self Control went Silver, Gold or Platinum in several countries and yielded subsequent charting singles, though not of the title track's magnitude, in "The Lucky One", "Ti Amo" and "Satisfaction".

Branigan's version of "Self Control" was featured on a November 1984 episode of the hit NBC series Miami Vice and was featured in the fact-based 1989 TV movie The Preppie Murder and a 2007 episode of the series Cold Case. In 2002 the Branigan recording was used as a track on the fictional radio station Flash FM in thevideo game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, and it appears on the CD collection Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Official Soundtrack Box Set as well as numerous other hits collections. It was often used as bumper music by late night radio talk show host Art Bell when he hosted Coast to Coast AM in the 1990s.

Switzerland's most successful single of 1984

Raf's version exceeded the success of Branigan's only in his native Italy. The only other territory where Raf topped the charts was in Switzerland. His single debuted in the Swiss Top 30 at number 7 on June 17, the same week Branigan's version debuted at number 24. The following week, Raf's single had climbed to number 2. Branigan's single, however, had leapt to number 1. In their 3rd week, Raf's version supplanted Branigan's at number 1, but she regained the top spot in the 4th week and the two versions would remain there, Branigan at number 1 and Raf at number 2, for 3 more weeks.

In their 7th week on the charts, Raf fell to number 3, below "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" by Wham!, while Branigan held at number 1. Their 8th week on the charts saw Raf regain the number 2 spot behind Branigan. The following week the Wham! single moved back to number 2 and Raf fell three spaces, but Branigan held firm. In their 10th week on the charts, Wham! fell to number 5, Raf fell two more spots, and Branigan maintained pole position.

Finally on the week of August 26, "Such a Shame" by Talk Talk moved Branigan out of the number one spot, though she would remain in the top 5 for another 3 weeks. Branigan's record was in the Swiss top 30 for a total of 16 weeks, including 12 weeks in the top 5 and 8 weeks at number 1.[10] It was joined by her follow-up single, "The Lucky One (Like a Wild Bird of Pray)", as it was erroneously subtitled in Europe, which charted in the top 30 for 7 weeks.[14] Raf's version spent 14 weeks in the top 30, including eight in the top five and one at number one.

Branigan's version was the most successful single of 1984 in Switzerland, earning Branigan the number one spot on the year-end charts.[15]

Theme

The song narrates the singer's slip into the world of nightlife, the allure of which has it "livin' only for the night" and deeming itself to "live among the creatures of the night". Rather than actually invoking more self-control, the singer repeatedly declares to a phantom protagonist that "you take my self, you take my self-control".

Track listings

7" single
  1. "Self Control" — 4:08
  2. "Silent Partners" — 3:58
12" maxi
  1. "Self Control" (extended version) — 5:00
  2. "Silent Partners" (extended version) — 4:10

Charts and sales

Peak positions

Chart (1984) Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[16] 3
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[ 1] 1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[ 1] 3
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[17] 3
Canada (RPM Adult Contemporary)[18] 1
Canada (RPM 50 Singles)[19] 1
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 1
France (SNEP)[ 1] 13
Germany (Media Control AG)[ 1] 1
Ireland (IRMA)[12] 2
Italy (FIMI)[20] 29
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[ 1] 7
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[ 1] 10
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[ 1] 26
Norway (VG-lista)[ 1] 2
Poland (Polish Singles Chart)[21] 2
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[11] 1
Spain (AFYVE) 24
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[ 1] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[ 1] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[ 1] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[8] 4
US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary[8] 5
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[8] 2
US Cash Box 5

Year-end charts

Chart (1984) Position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[22] 5
Canadian RPM Top Singles[23] 15
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 3
Germany (Media Control Charts)[24] 2
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[25] 5
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[15] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 20

Sales and certifications

Region Certification Sales/shipments
France (SNEP)[27] Gold 728,000[28]
Germany (BVMI)[29] Gold 250,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[30] Silver 250,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
xunspecified figures based on certification alone

Chart successions

Preceded by
"Send Me an Angel" by Real Life
German Singles Chart number-one single
June 15, 1984 – July 20, 1984
Succeeded by
"Two Tribes" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood
Preceded by
"Hello" by Lionel Richie
"Self Control" by Raf
Swiss number-one single
June 24, 1984
July 8, 1984 – August 18, 1984
Succeeded by
"Self Control" by Raf
"Such a Shame" by Talk Talk
Preceded by
"I Want to Break Free" by Queen
Austrian number-one single
July 1, 1984 – August 1, 1984
Succeeded by
"Fürstenfeld" by S.T.S.
Preceded by
"Oh Sherrie" by Steve Perry
Canadian Singles Chart number-one single
July 21, 1984
Succeeded by
"Sister Christian" by Night Ranger
Preceded by
"Just Another Woman in Love" by Anne Murray
Canadian Adult Contemporary number one single
July 21, 1984 – July 28, 1984
Succeeded by
"If Ever You're in My Arms Again" by Peabo Bryson
Preceded by
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" by Wham!
"Two Tribes" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood
Eurochart Hot 100 number-one single
July 21, 1984
August 18 – September 8, 1984
Succeeded by
"Two Tribes" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"High Energy" by Evelyn Thomas
Preceded by
"Big in Japan" by Alphaville
Swedish number-one single
August 3, 1984
Succeeded by
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" by Wham!
Preceded by
"I Want To Break Free" by Queen
South African number-one single
September 14, 1984 – October 5, 1984
Succeeded by
"Manuel Goodbye" by Audrey Landers
Preceded by
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" by Irene Cara
Switzerland number-one Single of the Year
1984
Succeeded by
"Live Is Life" by Opus

Re-releases

"Self Control 2004"
Single by Laura Branigan
Released January 19, 2004
Format CD, 12"
Recorded 2003
Genre Dance, Hi-NRG
Length 3:21
Label Dance Street
Writer(s) Giancarlo Bigazzi, Steve Piccolo, Raffaele Riefoli
Laura Branigan singles chronology

"Dim All the Lights"
(1995)
"Self Control 2004"
(2004)
"Gloria 2004"
(2004)

Branigan's "Self Control" was paired with follow-up single "The Lucky One" for an "oldies series" release in the US. In the UK a similar release paired the song with her earlier hit, "Gloria". In 1992, the original single mix of "Self Control" was re-released on CD single and 12" vinyl by Atlantic/WEA in Germany featuring two new remixes. One of those, the 'Classic Summer Mix', appeared on the European greatest hits album The Very Best of Laura Branigan. In 1999, four new remixes of "Self Control" were commissioned for a South African collection called Back in Control, on Atlantic/Gallo.[31] "Self Control '99" was released as a CD single there. In the mid 2000s (decade), several trance music remixes featuring samples of various lengths from the 1984 Branigan original surfaced from various entities including Crooklyn Clan, Imperial Machine, and SK featuring Laura Branigan. None of these mixes were done with Branigan's participation.

As of 2010, the Self Control album remains in print and the original version can also be heard on The Best of Branigan (1993), and in remastered versions on The Essentials: Laura Branigan (2002) and The Platinum Collection (2006).

2004 version

Branigan sought to reclaim her career after years away from the music industry first to take care of her ailing husband and then to mourn his loss. She re-recorded her two biggest club hits for the 20th anniversary of "Self Control" and they were released in a slew of remixes as "Gloria 2004" and "Self Control 2004". The latter track hit the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales chart following Branigan's sudden death from an aneurysm in August of that year.

Track listings

CD maxi single
  1. "Self Control 2004" [Mindworkers Radio Mix] — 3:21
  2. "Self Control 2004" [Flip & Fill Remix] — 6:45
  3. "Self Control 2004" [Mindworkers Remix] — 7:07
  4. "Self Control 2004" [Force Four Remix] — 7:45
  5. "Self Control 2004" [Kenny Hayes Club Mix] — 6:07
  6. "Self Control 2004" [Mindworkers Instrumental] — 7:05

Charts

Chart (2004) Peak
position
US Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales Chart 10

Raf's original version

"Self Control"
Single by Raf
from the album Raf
B-side "Self Control" (Part Two) (7")
"Running Away" (12")
Released 1984
Format 7", 12"
Recorded 1984
Genre Italo disco, synthpop, new wave[32]
Length 4:21 (7")
6:08(12")
Label Carrere Records
Producer(s) Giancarlo Bigazzi
Raf singles chronology

"Self Control"
(1984)
"Change Your Mind"
(1984)

Born as Raffaele Riefoli and later known as Raf, he co-wrote the song "Self Control" with Giancarlo Bigazzi and Steve Piccolo. Raf's version of "Self Control" which peaked at No.1 in Italy, was more popular at his home country of Italy than the version released later by Laura Branigan.[33] Raf's version also notably edged into No.1 in Switzerland between runs at the top spot by Branigan, and Raf peaked at No.2 in Germany, No.7 in Austria and at No.40 in France.[34][35] Like Branigan, Raf released an extended dance mix of the song, but Raf's version featured a rap (performed by two other rap-vocalists), relatively rare for a white artist at the time.

He would release several more tracks in English and re-release his debut 1984 album Raf in 1987 under the title Self Control featuring two of these tracks. Although, his English-language album and especially the singles proved to be quite successful in Italy and outside, he began releasing his later albums in his native-language with almost all of which having been received better in Italy than the former, lot of them entered Italy's Top-10 album-chart.[36]

Charts

Chart (1984) Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[ 1] 7
France (SNEP)[ 1] 40
Germany (Media Control)[35] 2
Italy (FIMI)[33] 1
Poland (Polish Singles Chart)[37] 32
Spain (AFYVE)[38] 6
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[ 1] 1
Preceded by
"I treni di Tozeur" by Alic & Franco Battiato
Italian Singles Chart number-one single (Raf version)
June 23, 1984 – August 18, 1984
Succeeded by
"Fotoromanza" by Gianna Nannini
Preceded by
"Self Control" by Laura Branigan
Swiss number-one single
July 1, 1984
Succeeded by
"Self Control" by Laura Branigan

Ricky Martin version

"Que Dia Es Hoy"
Single by Ricky Martin
from the album Me Amarás
B-side Que Dia Es Hoy (Remix)
Released May 3, 1993 (1993-05-03)
Format CD single
Recorded 1992-93
(New York, New York),
(Madrid, Spain)
Genre Dance-pop, Latin pop
Length 4:25
Label CBS International, Sony Music Mexico
Writer(s) Giancarlo Bigazzi, Steve Piccolo, Raffaele Riefoli, Juan Carlos Calderón, Mikel Herzog
Producer(s) Juan Carlos Calderón, Mikel Herzog
Ricky Martin singles chronology

"Me Amarás"
(1993)
"Que Dia Es Hoy"
(1993)
"Entre el Amor y los Halagos"
(1993)

In 1993, Ricky Martin recorded a Spanish-language cover of "Self Control", titled "Que Dia Es Hoy" (English: "What Day Is Today"). With lyrics by producer Juan Carlos Calderón and Mikel Herzog, the song was released as single from Martin's second studio solo album, Me Amarás, on May 3, 1993. The single featured a remixed version of the track.

A music video was also released.

In 2008, the remixed version was included on CD and DVD, called 17.

Charts

Chart (1993) Peak
position
US Billboard Hot Latin Songs[39] 26

Royal Gigolos version

"Self Control" / "Somebody's Watching Me"
Single by Royal Gigolos
from the album Musique Deluxe
Released August 8, 2005
Recorded 2005
Genre Dance
Royal Gigolos singles chronology

"No Milk Today"
(2004)
"Self Control/Somebody's Watching Me"
(2005)
"Tell It to My Heart"
(2006)

In 2005, the German dance band the Royal Gigolos recorded a cover of the song. It appeared on a maxi CD along with their cover of the 1984 Rockwell hit "Somebody's Watching Me". The song's most notable success were Top 20 chartings in Denmark and Finland.

Track listings

CD maxi
  1. "Self Control" (D.O.N.S. single mix) – 3:42
  2. "Self Control" (single version) – 3:46
  3. "Self Control" (extended version) – 5:05
  4. "Self Control" (D.O.N.S. remix) – 6:18
  5. "Self Control" (Swen G° remix) – 6:32
  6. "Somebody's Watching Me" (single version) – 3:17
  7. "Somebody's Watching Me" (extended version) – 4:27
  8. "Somebody's Watching Me" (DJ Tyson club mix) – 6:36
  9. "Self Control" (video)

Charts

Chart (2005–2006) Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[ 1] 42
Denmark (Tracklisten)[ 1] 17
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[ 1] 49
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[ 1] 14
Germany (Media Control AG)[ 1] 67
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[ 1] 90

Infernal version

"Self Control"
Single by Infernal
from the album From Paris to Berlin (UK)
Released October 24, 2006
Recorded 2006
Genre Dance
Length 3:16 (UK Radio Edit)
3:40 (Radio Edit)
Label Universal, Central Station and MRA
Infernal singles chronology

"Ten Miles"
(2006)
"Self Control"
(2006)
"I Won't Be Crying"
(2007)

In 2006, the Danish dance band Infernal, best known for the club hit "From Paris to Berlin", released a cover of the song on November 6 in the UK. The song debuted in the chart at #61 based on downloads only. The track was also released in Australia, as a Double A-side with "I Won't Be Crying", though it did not chart there. Their recording was notably Top 10 in Finland and their native Denmark.

Formats and track listings

2-track CD single
  1. "Self Control" [Radio Edit] — 3:40
  2. "From Paris to Berlin" [DJ Aligator Remix] — 6:37
7-track enhanced promo single
  1. "Self Control" [Radio Edit] — 3:40
  2. "Self Control" [Extended Version] — 6:00
  3. "Self Control" [Soul Seekerz Remix] — 7:40
  4. "Self Control" [Robbie Rivera Juicy Mix] — 6:14
  5. "Self Control" [Europeanz Remix] — 7:09
  6. "Self Control" [Weekend Wonderz Club Mix] — 6:13
  7. "Self Control" [Video] — 3:48
12" single
  1. "Self Control" [Soul Seekerz Remix] — 7:41
  2. "Self Control" [Extended Version] — 6:00
  3. "Self Control" [Robbie Rivera Juicy Mix] — 6:14

Charts

Chart (2006) Peak
Denmark (Tracklisten)[ 1] 3
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[ 1] 6
Ireland (IRMA)[12] 14
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[ 1] 18

Other versions

1984Paul Mauriat on his album Piano ballade[40]

Meiju Suvas as "Viet itsekontrollin" Finnish (single):
included on Suvas' 1985 album Tottakai[41]
• Leena Vanamo (fi) as "Viet Itsekontrollin" Finnish (single):
included on Vanamo's album Sua Kaipaan[42]

1985 • Harry Holland & Dieter Reith (de) on their album Magic Accordion[43]

Helena Vondráčková on her album I'm Your Song:[44]
Vondráčková also recorded a Czech-language cover (see below).
Helena Vondráčková as "Ty máš tu moc fajn moc" Czech (single):
bonus track on 2004 re-issue of Vondráčková's album Sprint:[45]
Vondráčková also covered the English-language original (see above).

1988 • Foolish Mind: Serge Ramaekers (nl) & Dominic Sas - see T-Spoon -

featuring Ellice (single)[46]

1994 • Cardenia: Tommy Schleh & Enrico Zabler - see Masterboy -

on their album Memory featuring vocalist Viola Egler[47]

1999Sheila: her album Dense features remake of original

plus French-language rendering also entitled "Self Control"[48]

2001Fun Factory on their album ABC of Music[49]

JamX & De Leon as "Can U Dig It" (single): instrumental version of
"Self Control" featuring vocal sample from the movie The Warriors[50]
Paralysed Age on their album Into the Ice[51]

2004 • Beatmastah with Capri (fi) (single)[52]

2004Antoine Clamaran featuring Lulu Hugues (fr) as "Feel It" (single):

song based on riff from "Self Control" credited to original's composers with additional composer credits to Antoine Clamaran, Laurent Pautrat, Lulu Hugues (fr)[53][54]
• Replicant featuring Marc Almond on their EP Face Control[55]

2006Soraya on her album Ochenta's[56]

2007 • Caramelle (de) featuring Nitro (single)[57]

2008 • Dim Chris (fr) & Thomas Gold (single)[58]

Anke Pietrangeli on her album Tribute to the Great Female Vocalists [59]

2009The Bloodsugars on their album Guilt by Association Vol 2[60]

• Jean S. (fi) as "Viet Itsekontrollin" Finnish
on their album Keskiyön aikaan[61]
Lorie (demo)[62]
Paffendorf (single)[63]

2010Sunday Girl (single)[64]

2011 • Antonia aus Tirol (de) on her album Lebendig[65]

2012 • Black Light Discipline (fi) on their album Against Each Other[66]

Laura Pausini in "Medley New Year's Eve"
recorded at PalaLottomatica concert December 31, 2011
released on her album Inedito (Special Edition)[67][68]
• Paulina Vereti (de) as "Es ist so schön, dass ich ein Mädchen bin"
German (single): included on Vereti's album Pure Sehnsucht produced by Jack White [69]

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