Sedang language
| Sedang | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Vietnam and Laos |
| Region | Kon Tum, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi (Vietnam) |
| Ethnicity | Sedang people |
Native speakers | 98,000 (2007)[1] |
|
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sed |
Sedang is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Laos and Kon Tum Province in south central Vietnam. The Sedang language is the most populous of the North Bahnaric language group, which are known for their range of vowel phonations.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Alveolo- Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | unaspirated | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | |||
| prenasalized | mb | nd | ndʑ | ŋɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | x | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | ɣ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Approximant | central | w | j | ||||
| lateral | l | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Upper Mid | e | o | |
| Lower Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Sedang itself has 24 pure vowels: 7 vowel qualities, all of which may be plain (ex. [a]), nasalized ([ã]), and creaky ([a̰]), and three of which -- /i a o/ -- may be both nasal and creaky ([ã̰]). While it does not have the length distinctions of other North Bahnaric languages, it does have more diphthongs, for somewhere between 33 and 55 vowel sounds altogether. Because of this Sedang is sometimes claimed to have the largest vowel inventory in the world. However, other Bahnaric languages have larger numbers of vowel qualities (Bahnar, for example, has 9) in addition to phonemic vowel length, so the record holder depends closely on how the languages are described and distinct vowels are defined.
References
- ↑ Sedang reference at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- Smith, Kenneth D. 1967. "Sedang dialects." Bulletin de la Société des Etudes Indochinoises 42: 195-255.
- Smith, Kenneth D. 1968. "Laryngealization and de-laryngealization in Sedang phonemics." Linguistics 38: 52-69.
- Smith, Kenneth D. 1969. Sedang ethnodialects. Anthropological Linguistics 11(5): 143-47.
- Smith, Kenneth D. 1973. More on Sedang ethnodialects. Mon–Khmer Studies 4: 43-51.
External links
- Paul Sidwell's Mon–Khmer language information at the Australian National University.
- Sound sample showing the distinction between clear and creaky vowels, from the link above.
- Smith's dissertation
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