Scutosaurus
| Scutosaurus Temporal range: Changhsingian, 254–252Ma | |
|---|---|
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| Skeleton, American Museum of Natural History | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Procolophonomorpha |
| Family: | †Pareiasauridae |
| Genus: | †Scutosaurus Hartmann-Weinberg, 1930 |
| Type species | |
| †Scutosaurus karpinskii Amalitzky, 1922 | |
| Synonyms | |
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Scutosaurus ("Shield Reptile") was a genus of armor-covered pareiasaur that lived around 254-252 million years ago in Russia, in the later Permian period. Its genus name refers to large plates of armor scattered across its body. It was a large anapsid reptile that, unlike most reptiles, held its legs underneath its body to support its great weight.[1]
Palaeobiology
Scutosaurus was a massively built reptile, up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length, with bony armor, and a number of spikes decorating its skull.[1] Despite its relatively small size, Scutosaurus was heavy, and its short legs meant that it could not move at speed for long periods of time, which made it vulnerable to attack by large predators. To defend itself Scutosaurus had a thick skeleton covered with powerful muscles, especially in the neck region. Underneath the skin were rows of hard, bony plates (scutes) that acted like a form of chain mail.
As a plant-eater living in a semi-arid climate, Scutosaurus would have wandered widely in order find fresh foliage to eat. It may have stuck closely to the riverbanks and floodplains where plant life would have been more abundant, straying further afield only during times of drought. Its teeth were flattened and could grind away at the leaves and young branches before digesting them at length in its large gut. Given that it needed to eat constantly, Scutosaurus probably lived alone, or in very small herds, so as to avoid denuding large areas of their edible plants.
Skull
The skull is about 50 cm wide.It is very broad, flat, and strongly sculptured, and bears bony protuberances in the jugal (cheek) and rear regions. As with some species of Pareiasaurus, with which it is clearly related, the quadrato-jugal or cheekbones extend outwards and forwards, makings an angle of about 120° with the maxillary border.With its large cheekbones, Scutosaurus may have been able to make a loud bellowing sound. It had excellent hearing and could have heard other animals bellowing from some distance away. These noises could have been used for mating or as warning signals.
In popular culture
Scutosaurus was shown in the Walking with Monsters series as being a social animal that migrated in groups. Scutosaurus was depicted as being the main prey of a large gorgonopsid.
Scutosaurus was also shown in the Primeval series, but increased to nearly the size of an elephant for dramatic reasons.
Scutosaurus appeared as a cave dwelling reptile with bulletproof armor in The People That Time Forgot (film). The last obstacle hindering the crew's escape from Caprona (island), Scutosaurus was killed during a cave-in that was triggered by a volcanic eruption.
References
- Haines, Tim, and Paul Chambers. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Pg. 46-47. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd., 2006
External links
- Pareiasaurinae at Palaeos