Schout-bij-nacht

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Hierarchy of naval officer ranks
Flag officers:
Admiral of the navy

Admiral of the fleet • Fleet admiral
General admiral • Grand admiral • Admiral
Squadron admiral • Flotilla admiral
Vice admiral • Lieutenant admiral
Rear admiral • Counter admiral
Commodore admiral • Schout-bij-nacht
Port admiral

Senior officers:

Commodore • Fleet captain
Post captain • Captain
Captain of sea and war • Ship-of-the-line captain
Captain at sea • Corvette captain
Frigate captain • Commander

Junior officers:

Lieutenant commander • Captain lieutenant
Flag lieutenant • Lieutenant
Ship-of-the-line lieutenant • Corvette lieutenant
Frigate lieutenant • Lieutenant (junior grade)
Sub-lieutenant • Ensign

Training officers:

Passed midshipman • Midshipman
Naval cadet

Schout-bij-nacht (pronounced [sxɔut.bɛi̯.nɑxt]) is a Dutch Naval rank, equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy. It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above commandeur ("commodore") and below a vice-admiraal ("vice admiral").

The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century. Translated as "watch-at-night", the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep.

In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron, in the absence of a senior admiral, and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet's rear squadron.

In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт ("shautbenakht"). In 1724 the Russians, followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral (контр-адмирал in Russian, konteramiral in Swedish, kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian).

  • The rank insignia of a schout-bij-nacht

Famous schout-bij-nacht

References

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