Scarus

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Scarus
Temporal range: Early Oligocene to Present[1]
Scarus ferrugineus, terminal phase
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Scarus
Forsskål, 1775
Species

about 52, see text

Scarus is a genus of parrotfish. With at least 52 currently recognised extant species,[2] it is by far the largest genus in this group. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific, and the western and eastern Atlantic. Most are very colourful, and have strikingly different initial (males and females) and terminal (males only) phases. Most species have a maximum length between 30 and 50 cm (12 and 20 in), but the rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) reaches 1.2 m (3.9 ft).

Species

  • Scarus altipinnis - filament-finned parrotfish
  • Scarus arabicus - Arabian parrotfish
  • Scarus caudofasciatus - red-barred parrotfish
  • Scarus chameleon - chameleon parrotfish
  • Scarus chinensis
  • Scarus coelestinus - midnight parrotfish
  • Scarus coeruleus - blue parrotfish
  • Scarus collana - Red Sea parrotfish
  • Scarus compressus - azure parrotfish
  • Scarus dimidiatus - yellow-barred parrotfish
  • Scarus dubius - regal parrotfish
  • Scarus falcipinnis - sicklefin parrotfish
  • Scarus ferrugineus - rusty parrotfish
  • Scarus festivus - festive parrotfish
  • Scarus flavipectoralis - yellowfin parrotfish
  • Scarus forsteni - Forsten's parrotfish
  • Scarus frenatus - bridled parrotfish
  • Scarus fuscocaudalis - darktail parrotfish
  • Scarus fuscopurpureus - purple-brown parrotfish
  • Scarus ghobban - blue-barred parrotfish
  • Scarus globiceps - globehead parrotfish
  • Scarus gracilis
  • Scarus guacamaia - rainbow parrotfish
  • Scarus hoefleri - Guinean parrotfish
  • Scarus hypselopterus - yellowtail parrotfish
  • Scarus iserti - striped parrotfish
  • Scarus koputea - Marquesan parrotfish
  • Scarus longipinnis - highfin parrotfish
  • Scarus maculipinna
  • Scarus niger - dusky parrotfish
  • Scarus obishime
  • Scarus oviceps - dark-capped parrotfish
  • Scarus ovifrons - knobsnout parrotfish
  • Scarus perrico
  • Scarus persicus - gulf parrotfish
  • Scarus prasiognathos - Singapore parrotfish
  • Scarus psittacus - common parrotfish
  • Scarus quoyi - Quoy's parrotfish
  • Scarus rivulatus - rivulated parrotfish
  • Scarus rubroviolaceus - ember parrotfish
  • Scarus russelii - eclipse parrotfish
  • Scarus scaber - fivesaddle parrotfish
  • Scarus schlegeli - yellowband parrotfish
  • Scarus spinus - greensnout parrotfish
  • Scarus taeniopterus - princess parrotfish
  • Scarus tricolor - tricolour parrotfish
  • Scarus trispinosus
  • Scarus vetula - queen parrotfish
  • Scarus viridifucatus - roundhead parrotfish
  • Scarus xanthopleura - red parrotfish
  • Scarus zelindae
  • Scarus zufar - Dhofar parrotfish

In political thought

In Ripa's Renaissance iconography, the scarus fish symbolised civil "Union", i.e. the joining together of individuals into a collective body. Plutarch had written that scarus fish

"swim together in shoals and ingeniously and heroically free each other when caught in a net. The scarus denoted reciprocal assistance in the fight for survival."[3]

Gallery

Notes

  1. ↑ Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. Retrieved 25 December 2007. 
  2. ↑ Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds. Scarus. FishBase. 2013.
  3. ↑ Hont, I. Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective. Harvard UP: 2005, pp. 21-22.
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