Satellite (biology)

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Satellite
Scientific classification
(unranked): Subviral agents
(unranked): Satellite
Groups

Satellite viruses
Satellite nucleic acids

A satellite is a subviral agent composed of nucleic acid that depends on the co-infection of a host cell with a helper or master virus for its multiplication. When a satellite encodes the coat protein in which its nucleic acid is encapsidated it is referred to as a satellite virus. A satellite virus of mamavirus that inhibits the replication of its host has been termed a virophage.[1] However, the usage of this term remains controversial due to the lack of fundamental differences between virophages and classical satellite viruses.[2]

The genomes of satellites range upward from 359 nucleotides in length for Satellite Tobacco Ringspot Virus RNA (STobRV).[3]

Satellite viral particles should not be confused with satellite DNA.

Classification

  • Satellite viruses
    • Single-stranded RNA satellite viruses
      • Subgroup 1: Chronic bee-paralysis virus associated satellite
        • Chronic bee-paralysis satellite virus
      • Subgroup 2: Tobacco necrosis virus satellite
    • Double-stranded DNA satellite viruses
  • Satellite nucleic acids
    • Single-stranded satellite DNAs
    • Double-stranded satellite RNAs
      • Saccharomyces cerevisiae M virus satellite
      • Trichomonas vaginalis T1 virus satellite
    • Single-stranded satellite RNAs
      • Subgroup 1: Large satellite RNAs
        • Arabis mosaic virus large satellite RNA
        • Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA
        • Chicory yellow mottle virus large satellite RNA
        • Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus satellite RNA
        • Grapevine fanleaf virus satellite RNA
        • Myrobalan latent ringspot virus satellite RNA
        • Tomato black ring virus satellite RNA
        • Beet ringspot virus satellite RNA
      • Subgroup 2: Small linear satellite RNAs
        • Cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA
        • Cymbidium ringspot virus satellite RNA
        • Pea enation mosaic virus satellite RNA
        • Groundnut rosette virus satellite RNA
        • Panicum mosaic virus small satellite RNA
        • Peanut stunt virus satellite RNA
        • Turnip crinkle virus satellite RNA
        • Tomato bushy stunt virus satellite RNA, B10
        • Tomato bushy stunt virus satellite RNA, B1
      • Subgroup 3: Circular satellite RNAs or "virusoids"
        • Arabis mosaic virus small satellite RNA
        • Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV satellite RNA
        • Chicory yellow mottle virus satellite RNA
        • Hepatitis D satellite virus RNA
        • Lucerne transient streak virus satellite RNA
        • Solanum nodiflorum mottle virus satellite RNA
        • Subterranean clover mottle virus satellite RNA
        • Tobacco ringspot virus satellite RNA
        • Velvet tobacco mottle virus satellite RNA

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bernard La Scola, Christelle Desnues, Isabelle Pagnier, Catherine Robert, Lina Barrassi, Ghislain Fournous, Michèle Merchat, Marie Suzan-Monti, Patrick Forterre, Eugene Koonin and Didier Raoult (2008). "The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus". Nature 455 (7205): 100. doi:10.1038/nature07218. PMID 18690211. 
  2. ↑ Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V (2011). "Virophages or satellite viruses?". Nat Rev Microbiol 9 (11): 762–763. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2676. PMID 22016897. 
  3. ↑ Wayne L. Gerlach, Jamal M. Buzayan, Irving R. Schneider, George Bruening (1986). "Satellite Tobacco Ringspot Virus RNA: Biological Activity of DNA Clones and Their in Vitro Transcripts". Virology 151: 172–185. 

External links

Subviral agents

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