Santa Susana Pass

Santa Susana Pass
Traversed by	State Route 118
Location	Simi Valley / Chatsworth district, Los Angeles, California,  United States
Range	Santa Susana Mountains/Simi Hills
Coordinates	34°15′53″N 118°37′58″W / 34.26472°N 118.63278°W / 34.26472; -118.63278

The Santa Susana Pass is a Southern California mountain pass in the Simi Hills connecting the San Fernando Valley and town of Chatsworth, to the Simi Valley and city of Simi Valley.

Natural history

The pass is the division between the Simi Hills to the south and Santa Susana Mountains to the north, and forms the most critical wildlife corridor and habitat linkage between them.^[1] The scenery is made up of sandstone formations in massive outcroppings and numerous boulders, with California chaparral and woodlands Ecoregion, with oak savannahs, chaparral shrub forest, and native bunchgrass plant communities in between. The perennial water sources provide diverse habitat for birds, mammals, and reptiles.^[1]

History

Native American

The Santa Susana Pass was at the juncture of the Native American Tongva-Fernandeño, Chumash-Venturaño, and Tataviam-Fernandeño tribal lands and was first crossed by their trail route, and used for an estimated 8,000 years.^[2][3]

Early 19th century

The Spanish, and later Mexican, Mission San Fernando Rey de España and San Fernando Valley rancho people used the trail beginning in the latter 18th century. A rough wagon road evolved. In 1859, the California Legislature appropriated $15,000 (with additional funding provided by Los Angeles and Santa Barbara Counties) towards improving the old wagon road into a new stagecoach road, now known as the Old Santa Susana Stage Road.^[4][5][6] The precipitous portion of the route down from the summit on the San Fernando Valley side was called the Devil's Slide; horses were usually blindfolded and chains were used to augment brakes on the steep descent. Passengers debarked and walked.^[4]

Mid-19th century

The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 disrupted mail service along the Butterfield Overland Mail's southern stagecoach route from St. Louis, Missouri via El Paso, Fort Yuma and Los Angeles and on to San Francisco via the Tejon Pass, which had begun its run in 1858. To compensate, the government contracted the Butterfield Company to carry mail between Los Angeles and San Francisco via the new wagon road over the Santa Susana Pass. The first overland mail stage run through the pass took place on April 6, 1861.^[4][5][6] The main route climbs through what is now Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, with a branch in L.A. City Park 'Chatsworth Park South.' It was an important artery linking the Los Angeles Basin and inland Ventura County, and was part of the main route for travel by stagecoach between Los Angeles and San Francisco from 1861 until the opening of rail traffic between the cities in 1876. The Old Santa Susana Stage Road is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Part of the stage road is also a Historic-Cultural Monument of Ventura County and of the City of Los Angeles under the name 'Old Stagecoach Trail.'

Late 19th century

A new wagon route bypassing the deteriorating Devil's Slide was opened in 1895 to the north . Initially called El Camino Nuevo (the New Road), it was later named the Chatsworth Grade Road, which continued in use until Santa Susana Pass Road (now Old Santa Susana Pass Road) was built in 1917.^[4] This was the first automobile route between the San Fernando and Simi Valleys. It also was the main northbound 'coast road' to Santa Barbara and San Francisco, until the Conejo Grade in Ventura County between Conejo Valley and the Oxnard Plain on "Camino Real Viejo" (the Old Royal Road, now U.S. Route 101), was improved. In 1968 State Route 118, the "Simi Valley-San Fernando Valley Freeway" opened, north of the old auto road as the latest route across the Pass. In 1994 it was renamed the "Ronald Reagan Freeway".

20th century

The pass area became famous from being seen in many movies, primarily Westerns, filmed from the 1920s to the 1950s here at the Spahn, Iverson, Bell Moving Picture, and Corriganville Movie Ranches. The area became infamous in the late 1960s with the Manson Family headquartered at the Spahn Ranch, near the top of the stage road's Devil's Slide. To the south of the old stage road is Sage Ranch Park and the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. Immediately to the north of Route 118 at the pass top is Rocky Peak Park, a part of the Rim of the Valley Trail Corridor.^[1] The old wagon road and rocky hill environs are part of the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, for public exploration.^[7][8] The Southern Pacific Railroad began construction of three railroad tunnels through the pass in 1900 and opened the route in 1904. The railroad built the Santa Susana Depot in Rancho Simi on Los Angeles Avenue at Tapo Street in 1903.

See also

• Burro Flats Painted Cave
• Old Santa Susana Stage Road
• Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
• Corriganville Movie Ranch
• Spahn Movie Ranch
• Iverson Movie Ranch
• Bell Moving Picture Ranch - Bell Location Ranch
• History of the San Fernando Valley to 1915

References

External links

• California State Parks Dept. - Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
• LAMountains.com - Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
• LAMountains.com - Sage Ranch Park
• LAMountains.com - Corriganville Park
• LAMountains.com - Rocky Peak Park
• Iverson Movie Ranch: History, vintage Photos.
• Corriganville Regional Park.

	Chumash Park	Santa Susana Mountains & Rocky Peak	Indian Spring Open Space
	Simi Valley		Chatsworth, Los Angeles
	Santa Susana Pass
	Sage Ranch Park	Simi Hills & Chatsworth Peak	Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park