Santa Catarina (state)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
State of Santa Catarina
State

Flag
Coat of arms
Location of State of Santa Catarina in Brazil
Coordinates: 27°50′S 48°25′W / 27.833°S 48.417°W / -27.833; -48.417Coordinates: 27°50′S 48°25′W / 27.833°S 48.417°W / -27.833; -48.417
Country  Brazil
Capital Florianópolis
Largest city Joinville
Government
 • Governor Raimundo Colombo
 • Vice Governor Eduardo Pinho Moreira
Area
 • Total 95,346.181 km2 (36,813.366 sq mi)
Area rank 20th
Population (2013)[1]
 • Total 6,634,250
 • Rank 11th
 • Density 70/km2 (180/sq mi)
 • Density rank 9th
Demonym Catarinense or Barriga-Verde (Green Belly)
GDP
 • Year 2013 estimate
 • Total R$ 152,482,000,000 (7th)
 • Per capita R$ 24,398 (4th)
Ethnicity (2010)[2]
 • White 85.7%
 • Pardo 11.7%
 • Black 2.2%
 • Yellow (Indigenous and Asian-descent) 0.3%
Time zone BRT (UTC-3)
 • Summer (DST) BRST (UTC-2)
Postal Code 87000-000 to 89990-000
ISO 3166 code BR-SC
Website sc.gov.br

Santa Catarina (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ kataˈɾinɐ], Saint Catherine) is a state in southern Brazil. According to the Index of Economic Well-Being calculated between 2002 and 2008, Santa Catarina was the Brazilian state that revealed the highest economic well-being in relation to the others.[3][4] Its capital is Florianópolis, which mostly lies on the Santa Catarina Island. Neighbouring states are Rio Grande do Sul to the south and Paraná to the north. It is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west it borders the province of Misiones, Argentina. Most of its inhabitants are descendants of Danish, Dutch, German, Italian and Norwegian immigrants.

The beaches along the coast of 561 kilometres (349 mi) are a great attraction for tourists visiting the smallest state of the South Region. Florianópolis, the capital, is one of the Brazilian cities with the highest HDI and that receives the most foreign tourists, especially from Europe. In the mountain region, especially São Joaquim and Urupema, is an attraction during winter because of its low temperatures and snow. Blumenau, in the interior of Santa Catarina, is the stage for one of the biggest events of the South Region of the country, that possess a strong influence of German culture: the Oktoberfest of Blumenau, a traditional beer party originated from Germany, is held in October in Blumenau city. The heritage of the German, Swedish, Finnish, Dutch, Italian and Danish immigrants can be seen in the architecture and the customs of the population of the state. Joinville is Santa Catarina's largest city. It was one of the few states in Brazil that actually were colonized by a system of settlement colonization in the case of immigrant settlers coming mainly from modern Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Spain, France and Scandinavia.

Quality of life is very high by Brazilian and Latin American standards. It is the Brazilian state with the highest levels of income, education[5] and public health, and one of the lowest rates of illiteracy.[6] Santa Catarina boasts Brazil's highest average life expectancy[7][8] and lowest homicide rate[9] in addition to lower levels of corruption.[10] The cities of the state are also considered the most "livable" in Brazil, appearing as the most "clean, safe and organized" of the country.[11] In recent decades, Santa Catarina has been dubbed "the Brazil that worked".[12]

Geography

Santa Catarina is in a very strategic position in Mercosul, the South American Common Market. Its position in the map is situated between the parallel 25º57'41" and 29º23'55" of the Southern latitude and between the meridians 48º19'37" and 53º50'00" of Western longitude. Florianópolis, its capital, is 1,673 km (1,040 mi) from Brasilia, 705 km (438 mi) from São Paulo, 1,144 km (711 mi) from Rio de Janeiro and 1,850 km (1,150 mi) from Buenos Aires.

The Serra Geral, a southern extension of the Serra do Mar, runs north and south through the state parallel to the Atlantic coast, dividing the state between a narrow coastal plain and a larger plateau region to the west.

The Atlantic coast of Santa Catarina has many beaches, islands, bays, inlets, and lagoons. The humid tropical Serra do Mar coastal forests cover the narrow coastal zone, which is crossed by numerous short streams from the wooded slopes of the serras.

The central part of the state is home to the Araucaria moist forests, dominated by emergent Brazilian pines (Araucaria angustifolia). The drainage of the plateau is westward to the Paraná River, the rivers being tributaries of the Iguaçu, which forms its northern boundary, and of the Uruguay River, which forms its southern boundary. The semi-deciduous Paraná-Paraíba interior forests occupy the westernmost valleys of the Iguaçu and Uruguay rivers.

The highest point of the state is the Morro da Boa Vista, with an altitude of 1,827 m, and the second highest point is the Morro da Igreja, in the town of Urubici, with an altitude of 1,822 m.

History

European settlement began with the Spanish settlement of Santa Catarina island in 1542. The Portuguese took control in 1675 and established the captaincy of Santa Catarina in 1738.

Between early 19th century and mid 20th century, a great number of European immigrants arrived to Santa Catarina; these immigrants were taken in order to populate the south of the Nation by Imperial initiative. About 50% of these immigrants were from Germany and Austria.[13] The rest came mainly from Italy, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine;[13] these immigrants created an abundance of small, family-held farms, many of which continue to exist in the interior of the state.[citation needed]

Late in March 2004, the state was hit by the first hurricane ever recorded in the South Atlantic. Because there is no naming system for such an event in Brazil, Brazilian meteorologists called it Cyclone Catarina, after the state.

Demographics

According to the IBGE of 2008, there were 6,091,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 61.53 inhabitants per square kilometre (159.4 /sq mi).

Urbanization: 82.5% (2006); Population growth: 1.9% (1991–2000); Houses: 1,836,000 (2006).[14]

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 5,297,000 White people (86.96%), 608,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (9.98%), 160,000 Black people (2.63%), 15,000 Asian people (0.25%), 5,000 Amerindian people (0.09%).[15]

People of Portuguese ancestry, mostly Azoreans, predominate on the coast. People of German descent predominate in the northeast region (Itajaí Valley) and in the north (Joinville region). There are many German communities in the west. People of Italian descent predominate in the south, as well in many areas in the west. People of African, Amerindian or Japanese origins are small communities in a few towns.[16]

Largest cities or towns of Santa Catarina
(2011 census of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística)[17]
Rank Mesoregion Pop. Rank Name Mesoregion Pop.

Joinville

Florianópolis		 1 Joinville Norte Catarinense 519.905 11 Balneário Camboriú Vale do Itajaí 110.747
Blumenau

São José
2 Florianópolis Grande Florianópolis 470.298 12 Brusque Vale do Itajaí 107.763
3 Blumenau Vale do Itajaí 312.634 13 Tubarão Sul Catarinense 97.833
4 São José Grande Florianópolis 212.586 14 São Bento do Sul Norte Catarinense 75.520
5 Criciúma Sul Catarinense 193.988 15 Caçador Oeste Catarinense 71.333
6 Chapecó Oeste Catarinense 186.336 16 Concórdia Oeste Catarinense 69.048
7 Itajaí Vale do Itajaí 186.127 17 Camboriú Vale do Itajaí 63.966
8 Lages Serrana (Santa Catarina) 156.664 18 Navegantes Vale do Itajaí 62.186
9 Jaraguá do Sul Norte Catarinense 145.781 19 Rio do Sul Vale do Itajaí 61.931
10 Palhoça Grande Florianópolis 139.989 20 Araranguá Sul Catarinense 61.817

European settlement

Santa Catarina is one of the Brazilian states that exhibits the most signs of 19th-century European immigration. The vast majority of the population are descendants of European settlers.

Portuguese

Azorean Portuguese house in Florianópolis.

The Portuguese started arriving in the 1750s, mainly from the Azores islands, and colonized the coast. In the late 18th century, half of Santa Catarina's population was Portuguese-born. These Portuguese established many important towns in the state, such as Florianópolis, the capital.

Germans and Austrians

German people started arriving in 1828. These were peasants attracted by the opportunity to have their own land, because the Germanic countries were overpopulated and many people had no land to work. German immigration was very low until the 1850s, when waves started arriving in southern Brazil. To stimulate the German colonization of southern Brazil, the Brazilian government created many German colonies: these were ethnically Germanic areas where people from many parts of Germany settled. Initially, these colonies were in rural areas, where immigrants were able to cultivate their own farms. Many of these German colonies developed greatly and became large towns, Blumenau and Joinville, the largest city in Santa Catarina, among them.

Joinville, the largest city of Santa Catarina, settled by Germans in 1851.

Germans were isolated in rural communities for decades. They did not have much contact with the other peoples of Brazil, and for generations they were able to speak the German language and maintain German traditions in Brazil. This situation changed in 1942, during World War II, when Brazil declared war on Germany, and German immigrants and their descendants were required to learn the Portuguese language and to follow a Brazilian way of life.

Yet German influence in the State of Santa Catarina remains very strong and visible. Many towns, especially the small ones, retain notable aspects of German culture: in Pomerode, for example, a small town in which nine-tenths of the population is of German-Brazilian descent, most inhabitants still speak German fluently; and Oktoberfest continues to be celebrated in Blumenau and in many other towns in the region. Architecture, too, shows German influence, as do popular customs and local cuisine.

Stone house in Nova Veneza, in the south, landmark of Italian immigration.

Over 45% of Santa Catarina’s population is of German and Austrian ancestry. Santa Catarina is both the only state in Brazil were people of German and Austrian descent are the majority amongs its population, and the only state were people of German and Austrian descent are at least 15% of its population.[13]

Italians

Italian settlers started arriving in Santa Catarina in 1875 and immigrated in large numbers until the 1910s. They were peasants from Northern Italy and established themselves in ethnically Italian colonies close to the coast. In the beginning, Italian settlements failed, because many Italians died of tropical diseases or left the colonies to find better conditions. However, in the Vale do Tubarão region (southern Santa Catarina), Italian immigrants found cooler weather and better lands, and the settlements prospered. Many Italians worked in the coal industry and, unlike the German immigrants, they did not dedicate themselves very much to agriculture. As they were not isolated in rural colonies, Italian immigrants were quickly integrated into the Brazilian population of Portuguese descent that had been living in Brazil since the 18th century.[citation needed]

Economy

The industrial sector is the largest component of GDP at 52.5%, followed by the service sector at 33.9%. Agriculture represents 13.6% of GDP (2004). Santa Catarina exports: aviculture 26.1%, wood products 15.4%, compressors 8.5%, cotton 6.8%, and vehicles 5.8% (2002).

Share of the Brazilian economy: 4% (2005).

Florianópolis, the capital.
Downtown Itajaí.

Santa Catarina has one of the highest standards of living in Brazil, and is a major industrial and agricultural center.

The capital city, Florianópolis, has a diversified economy, being an important pole for the technology industry and a major touristic destination. Commerce and services are also very strong in the capital. Cities from Florianópolis metro area, like São José, Palhoça and Biguaçu are important and diverse industrial poles, as well as strong commerce areas.

In the northeast of the state, electric-mechanical, textile and furniture industries are strong; in the west, cattle and poultry breeding predominate, while in the south it is ceramics and shellfish.

The corridor between Joinville, Jaraguá do Sul and Blumenau is heavily industrialized - more than 50% of the state's industrial output is concentrated in this small, but highly developed area.

Santa Catarina has some of the most beautiful beaches in Brazil - Summer months (Dec-Mar) make the state one of the most sought-after travel destinations in Brazil and South America. Tens of thousands of Argentines and Paraguayans flock to the state's beaches from mid December to late January.

The major cities and their respective fields are:

Statistics

Vehicles: 2,489,343 (March/2007); Mobile phones: 3.7 million (April/2007); Telephones: 1.6 million (April/2007). Cities: 293 (2007).[18]

Education

Federal University of Santa Catarina in Florianópolis.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. English, Spanish and sometimes German are part of the official high school curriculum.

There are more than 105 universities within the state of Santa Catarina.[19]

Colleges and Universities

  • Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) (Federal University of Santa Catarina) (Public);
  • Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) (Federal University of the Southern Border)(Public);
  • Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) (University of the State of Santa Catarina) (Public);
  • Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC) (Federal Institute of Santa Catarina) (Public);
  • Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) (Santa Catarina's Federal Institute) (Public);
  • Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL) (University of Southern Santa Catarina) (Private);
  • Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) (University of the Itajaí Valley) (Private);
  • Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE) (University of the Region of Joinville) (Private);
  • Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí (UNIDAVI) (University for the development of the upper valley of the Itajaí) (Private);
  • Centro Universitário Leonardo da Vinci (UNIASSELVI) (University Center Leonardo da Vinci) (Private);
  • Universidade Católica de Santa Catarina (Catholic University of Santa Catarina) (Private);
  • Universidade do Contestado (UnC) (University of Contestado) (Private);
  • Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc) (University of Western Santa Catarina) (Private);
  • Universidade do Planalto de Santa Catarina (Uniplac) (University of the Plateau of Santa Catarina) (Private);
  • Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc) (University of Southernmost Santa Catarina) (Private);
  • Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB) (Regional University Foundation of Blumenau) (Private);
  • Sociedade Educacional de Santa Catarina (SOCIESC) (Educational Society for Santa Catarina)(Private);

Infrastructure

Hercílio Luz International Airport in Florianópolis.

International Airport

Florianópolis is served by Hercílio Luz International Airport for both domestic and international flights. The traffic has grown significantly at the airport and therefore the city will shortly build a new airport able to serve 2.7 million passengers a year. The architectural design of the new airport was chosen by a public competition held by Infraero in partnership with the Brazilian Architects Institute (IAB). Among the over 150 original entries, the proposal of São Paulo architect Mário Bizelli was chosen. The construction work will be tendered in 2005 and should be finished in two years.

Tourism

Balneário Camboriú.
Itajaí in the afternoon.

Santa Catarina offers a number of sights and events throughout the year: rural tourism, thermal mineral resorts, ecological tourism and adventure sports, historic monuments and sights, religious tourism, Beto Carrero World and Unipraias parks, and beach resorts of Florianópolis.

Some of these sights can only be seen in the off-season, like the snow on the Catarinense Mountain Range - the only place in Brazil where it snows every year.[citation needed]

Between July and November, the Right whales visit the state's coast. The great festivities take place in October. The main Oktoberfest of Blumenau is Brazil's largest and the world's second largest (after Germany's Munich).[citation needed]

Joinville is the host city in July to the widely acclaimed "Joinville Dance Festival", the annual "Festival of Flowers" in November which showcases orchids produced in the region, and several business events in its Convention Center.

Florianópolis, the city/island State Capital attracts a large numbers of tourists during the summer months who visit its 42 beaches.

There are also many smaller resort towns, including Itapema, Piçarras, Barra Velha and Penha, home to the famous amusement park "Beto Carrero World".

Sports

Soccer

The major soccer clubs of Santa Catarina are:

Criciuma EC from Criciúma. Criciúma EC, also known as "Tigre" (Tiger) has the most important championship won by a Santa Catarina Team in a very long time, being champion from the Copa do Brasil (Brazilian Cup) in 1991. Criciúma is the only team from Santa Catarina that played Libertadores of America Cup, in 1992, when it was 5th. Criciúma also won the Brazilian 2002 second series, and 2006 C series. Criciuma is currently playing Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the Brazilian national first division.

Figueirense FC black and white from Florianopolis. Its nickname is Figueira (Fig tree) and it is also known as O Furacão do Estreito (The Hurricane of Estreito). Its stadium is the Orlando Scarpelli, located in the Estreito neighborhood, in the continental part of the city. Figueirense is currently playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first division of Brazilian football.

Avaí FC, blue and white from Florianopolis. It is also known as O Leão da Ilha (The Lion of the Island). Its stadium is the Aderbal Ramos da Silva, popularly known as Ressacada, located in the Carianos neighborhood, in the south part of the island. Avaí is currently playing in Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second division of Brazilian football.

Joinville Esporte Clube from Joinville. It is also known as "Tricolor". Joinville is currently playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second division of Brazilian football.

Associação Chapecoense de Futebol from Chapecó. Chapecoense is playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first and major division of Brazilian football.

Tennis

Florianópolis is the hometown of tennis star Gustavo Kuerten.

Surfing

Florianópolis.

The island is generally considered to have the best and most consistent waves in Brazil, and in April of each year hosts what is currently South America's only ASP (Association of Surfing Professionals) World Championship Tour professional surfing competition. Brazil has played host to many an ASP tour event over the past 30 years. Former contest sites include Rio de Janeiro, Barra de Tijuca and Saquarema, but the past four years have seen the tour set up shop in Florianopolis. Previously held towards the end of the tour, the past few years have seen several ASP world champions crowned in Brazil. In 2004 it was Andy Irons, and in 2005 it was Kelly Slater (who had his 2006 ASP World Title already stitched up by Brazil).

Minority languages

German architecture in Joinville.

The minority languages of the state of Santa Catarina can be divided into two distinct groups:

  • The Autoctone Languages or Indigenous Languages: Kaingang; Guaraní; others...
  • The Extoctone Languages or Immigration Languages: German (Hunsrückisch, Pomeranian Pommersch/Plautdietsch); Italian (Italian or Venetian), Slavic (Polish, Ukrainian, etc.) and others.

In some cities and villages, German or Talian are still the first spoken language.

Contestado Museum.

See also

  • List of cities in Brazil (all cities and municipalities)

Notes

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ "Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais 2010" (PDF). Tabela 8.1 – População total e respectiva distribuição percentual, por cor ou raça, segundo as Grandes Regiões, Unidades da Federação e Regiões Metropolitanas – 2009. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). p. 232. Retrieved 12 de julio de 2013. 
  3. ↑ Nunes, Viviam Klanfer (February 2, 2012). "Santa Catarina oferece as melhores condições de qualidade de vida, diz estudo" (in portuguese). infomoney. Retrieved February 17, 2013. 
  4. ↑ "Índice de Bem-Estar Econômico: Uma porposta para os estados brasileiros" (in portuguese/english). Retrieved February 17, 2013. 
  5. ↑ http://noticias.terra.com.br/educacao/noticias/0,,OI6078782-EI8266,00-Ideb+Santa+Catarina+supera+metas+e+lidera+entre+os+Estados.html
  6. ↑ http://www1.an.com.br/2000/mai/21/0ger.htm
  7. ↑ http://diariocatarinense.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticia/2008/09/expectativa-de-vida-de-sc-e-a-maior-do-pais-2201582.html
  8. ↑ http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2010/09/17/expectativa-de-vida-em-sc-lider-no-ranking-e-8-anos-maior-do-que-em-al-que-tem-o-pior-desempenho.htm
  9. ↑ http://oglobo.globo.com/infograficos/taxa-de-homicidio-estados/
  10. ↑ http://www.infomoney.com.br/minhas-financas/noticia/2330888/santa-catarina-oferece-melhores-condicoes-qualidade-vida-diz-estudo
  11. ↑ http://www.infomoney.com.br/minhas-financas/noticia/2330888/santa-catarina-oferece-melhores-condicoes-qualidade-vida-diz-estudo
  12. ↑ http://www.santacatarinaturismo.com.br/10razoes.php?id=5
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Ferreira Levy, Maria Stella. (Portuguese) O Papel da Migração Internacional na Evolução da População Brasileira. pp. 58, 79
    Santa Catarina, tem como grupo nacional mais importante os alemães cujas proporções oscilam ao redor de 40%, seguidos pelos italianos, com aproximadamente 17%, até o censo de 1950. Em 1970, a proporção de imigrantes italianos reduz-se a metade. As outras nacionalidades que tem expressão são poloneses, russos e austríacos com proporções entre 6 e 11%, considerando-se inclusive o censo de 1970.
    —Page 58
  14. ↑ Source: PNAD.
  15. ↑ (PDF) (in Portuguese). Santa Catarina, Brazil: IBGE. 2008. ISBN 85-240-3919-1 http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=pnad&o=3&i=P&c=262. Retrieved 2010-01-18.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ Santa Catarina - Terra de Contrastes - Os Jeitos da Terra
  17. ↑ "ESTIMATIVAS DA POPULAÇÃO RESIDENTE NOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS COM DATA DE REFERÊNCIA EM 1º DE JULHO DE 2011" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011. 
  18. ↑ Source: IBGE.
  19. ↑ Universidades em Santa Catarina

References

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press 

External links

Find more about Santa Catarina at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Ethnic groups
Brazil
Africa
By ethnicity
West Africa
  • Angolan
  • Cape Verdean
  • Nigerian
    Americas
    North America
    Asia
    By ethnicity
    By country
    or region
    Eastern
    Southern
    Western
    By ethnicity
    By country
    or region
    Central
    Eastern
    Northern
    Southern
    Western
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.