Sandala, Israel

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Sandala
צַנְדַלָה, סַנְדַלָה
صندله
Sandala mosque, 2007
Sandala
Coordinates: 32°31′N 35°19′E / 32.517°N 35.317°E / 32.517; 35.317Coordinates: 32°31′N 35°19′E / 32.517°N 35.317°E / 32.517; 35.317
Council Gilboa Regional Council
Population (2006) 1,500

Sandala (Arabic: صندله‎; Hebrew: צַנְדַלָה, סַנְדַלָה)[1] is an Arab village in the North District of Israel. Located near Afula, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 1,500. Residents of Sandala belong to the al-Omari clan, believed to be descendants of the Second Khalifa of Islam, Umar ibn al-Khattāb.

History

Old house in Sandala, 2007

Archaeological excavations in the nucleus of the ancient village, near the mosque, has revealed pottery fragments dating to the early Islamic and Mamluk periods.[2]

According to a local tradition, the present village was established in the 18th-century by two brothers from the nearby village Arranah, which is today part of the West Bank.[3] When Edward Robinson passed by Sandala in 1838, he described it as a "small site of ruined foundations,"[4] while later in the 19th-century, Guérin noted the village,[5] and the Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village on the edge of the plain, built of stone and mud, supplied by cisterns, and surrounded by plough-land."[6]

At the time of the 1931 British Mandate census, Sandala had 36 occupied houses and a population of 189 Muslims.[7] By 1945, Sandala had 220 inhabitants, all classified as Arabs. They owned a total of 3,217 dunams of land, while 32 dunams were public, according to an official land and population survey.[8] Of this, 2 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,109 dunams were used for cereals,[9] while 7 dunams were built-up land.[10]

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Sandala was captured by the Israeli Army and retaken by the Iraqi Army. Due to its location inside the Green Line, it became part of the State of Israel.[11]

Petersen, who visited the village in 1994, describes a new mosque in the center of the village, apparently constructed on older foundations. The area around the mosque formed the core of the old village, parts of which had been demolished, while the rest was scheduled for demolition. The remaining structures formed a square, containing various houses and courtyards. According to Petersen, some of the deserted houses appeared to incorporate earlier structures, including transverse arches and cross-vaulted rooms, possibly of a medieval origin.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p.167
  2. ↑ Mokary, 2008, Sandala Final Report
  3. ↑ Alexandre, 2009, Sandala Final Report
  4. ↑ Robinson, 1841, p.161
  5. ↑ Guérin, 1874, p.326
  6. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882 p.87
  7. ↑ E. Mills, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 70. 
  8. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970 p.55
  9. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p. 99
  10. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p. 149
  11. ↑ The Hot Spot, Jerusalem Post
  12. ↑ Petersen, 2001, p.289

Bibliography

External links

Kibbutzim
Moshavim
Communal settlements
Arab villages
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