Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin
| Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
4 July 1744 Tübingen |
| Died | 27 June 1774 (aged 29) |
Samuel George Gottlieb Gmelin (4 July 1744 – 27 June 1774) was a German physician, botanist and explorer.
Background
Gmelin was born at Tübingen in a well known family of naturalists. His father was Johann Conrad Gmelin, an apothecary and surgeon. His uncle was Johann Georg Gmelin. Samuel earned his medical degree in 1763 from the University of Leiden at the young age of 18 (Silva et al., 1996). While living in the Dutch Republic, Gmelin developed a keen interest in marine algae. In 1766 he was appointed professor of botany at St Petersburg. In the following year he was sent on an expedition to study the natural history of the Russian Empire. He explored the rivers Don and Volga, and the western and eastern coasts of the Caspian Sea. Whilst travelling in the Caucasus he was taken hostage by Usmey Khan of Khaïtakes and died of ill treatment in captivity in Derbent. He was only 29 years of age.[1]
Gmelin was the author of Historia Fucorum (1768), the first work dedicated to marine biology, dealing exclusively with algae and the first using the binomial system of nomenclature. It includes elaborate illustrations of seaweed and marine algae on folded leaves. However, algal specimens used by Gmelin in the Historia fucorum are thought to no longer exist (Dixon & Irvine, 1970). The results of his travels were published in Reise durch Russland zur untersuchung der drey natur-reiche (Trip through Russia to study the three natural provinces) (1770-1784, 4 vols.). The final volume was to be completed by Guldenstadt but was ultimately edited by Peter Simon Pallas after Guldenstadt's death.[2]
Biography
In 1772, he married Anna von Chappuzeau, granddaughter of the famous naval captain Jacob Chappuzeau (Iakov Shapizo), hero of the battle of Osel Island in 1719, when he commanded the 'Raphail'.
References
- ↑ Tooke, William (1799). View of the Russian Empire during the reign of Catharine the Second, and to the close of the present century. Volume 1. London: T N Longmann and O. Rees.
- ↑ Chantreau. Philosophical, political, and literary travels in Russia, during the years 1788 & 1789. Volume 1. Perth: R. Morison, Junior. pp. 285–287.
- ↑ [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=S.G.Gmel. "Author Query for 'S.G.Gmel.'"]. International Plant Names Index.
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