Saltukids

Saltukids or Saltuqids (Modern Turkish: Saltuklu Beyliği ) was one of the Anatolian beylik of the first period founded after the Battle of Manzikert and centered in Erzurum. Saltukids ruled between 1071 to 1202. The beylik was founded by Emir Saltuk, one of the Turkmen^[1] commanders of the Great Seljuk Alp Arslan. The beylik fought frequently against the Georgian Kingdom for hegemony of Kars region. Center of the beylig, Erzurum, was occupied by Byzantine Empire between 1077–1079 and was besieged by the Georgian King Giorgi III in 1184. It compromised present whole Erzurum and Bayburt provinces also east of Erzincan, most of Kars, north of Ağrı and Muş provinces during its height.

The first known Saltukid is Ali, who was ruler of Erzurum in 1103. His son and successor was Saltuk, who succeeded him sometime after 1123. Saltuk had a female relative, a daughter or sister, who married Shah-i- Armind of Akhlat, Sukman II.^[2]

The Beys of Saltuk left important works of architecture, particularly in Erzurum and Mamahatun.

The Saltukid dynasty is also notable for having a woman, Melike Mama Hatun, sister of Nasiruddin Muhammed, directly administering its realm for an estimated nine years, between 1191 and 1200. She was later dethroned by the Beys and replaced by her son Malik-Shah once she had started searching for a husband among the Mamluk nobility. Mama Hatun built an impressive caravanserai in the town of Tercan, where her mausoleum also stands. Tercan itself used to be called "Mamahatun", and is sometimes still called as such locally.

The name of the ruling dynasty of the beylik should not be confused with that of Sarı Saltuk, a Turkish mystic and saint; who is of later date, more associated with western Anatolia and the Balkans (especially Dobruja), and to whom the epic Saltuknâme is dedicated. The last ruler of Saltukids, Alaeddin Muhammed, was dethroned and imprisoned by the Sultan of Rum Süleymanshah II during Süleymanshah's Georgian rout in 1202. So that Saltukids was annexed by Sultanate of Rum.

Rulers

• Saltuk I (1071–1102)
• Ali (1102–1124)
• Muzaffer Gazi (1124–1132)
• Izzeddin Saltuk II (1132–1168)
• Nasiruddin Muhammed (1168–1191)
• Melike Mama Hatun (1191–1200)
• Alaeddin Muhammed (1200–1202)

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See also

• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

Notes

References

• (limited preview) Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual ISBN 0-7486-2137-7. Edinburgh University Press. 
• Mustafa Güler, İlknur Aktuğ Kolay. (full text) "12. yüzyıl Anadolu Türk Camileri (12th century Turkish mosques in Anatolia)" (in Turkish). Istanbul Technical University Magazine (İtüdergi). 
• (Book cover) Oktay Aslanapa (1991). Anadolu'da ilk Türk mimarisi: Başlangıcı ve gelişmesi (Early Turkish architecture in Anatolia: Beginnings and development) ISBN 975-16-0264-5 (in Turkish). AKM Publications, Ankara. 
• Cahen, Claude, Pre-Ottoman Turkey

External links