Salford Junction

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Salford Junction
To Fazeley ahead, to Bordesley Junction right
Date completed	1844
Status	Open
Navigation authority	Canal and River Trust

Salford Junction in context

Legend

Coventry Canal

Fazeley Junction

Walsall and Rushall Canals

Tame Valley Junction

Rushall Junction

Walsall and Tame Valley Canals

Birmingham and Fazeley Canal

Salford Junction

GU Garrison Locks (5)

Aston Locks (11)

Aston Junction + Digbeth Branch

Bordesley Junction (right)

Typhoo Basin (middle)

B&F to Old Turn Junction

Grand Union Canal

The Grand Union Canal above the River Tame and below the M6 motorway

Start of the Tame Valley Canal with its toll island. To Birmingham, left

Salford Junction (grid reference SP095901) is the name of the canal junction where the Grand Union Canal and Tame Valley Canal meet the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal north of Birmingham, England.

History

Salford Junction became a double junction on 14 February 1844 when the Grand Union Canal and Tame Valley Canal joined the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal.^[1] Prior to this, the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal crossed the River Tame via a seven-arched aqueduct, each with a span of 18 feet.^[2] T & S Element opened boatyards at Salford Bridge in 1932 which soon became the company's head office. Spencer, Abbott and Company owned a boatbuilding yard at the junction too, however traces of these companies no longer exist.^[3]

A bridge has been recorded as being at this location since 1536 during the reign of King Henry VIII, however it is believed to have existed since 1290.^[4] In the document where it is first mentioned, it is named Shrafford Brugge and described as having four arches of stone.^[4] "Shrafford" is a Saxon word meaning "the ford by the caves". The caves were natural, water formed cavities in the face of the nearby Copeley Hill escarpment, which were used as air-raid shelters in World War II and were finally removed upon the construction of Spaghetti Junction. The bridge was to be repaired by the parish of Aston, however, when it was destroyed by Roundhead Parliamentary troops during the English Civil War, reparation costs were charged to the county.^[4] The bridge was reconstructed in 1810 to convert the footbridge into a road bridge. It was designed by John Couchman (1771–1838), who was paid £3,800 for the work.^[5] The bridge was crossed by a road connecting Birmingham to Lichfield.^[6] It was destroyed during the construction of Spaghetti Junction.

Location

One of the Birmingham terminations of the Grand Union Canal (originally here named the Birmingham and Warwick Junction Canal) is under the M6 motorway just east of Gravelly Hill Interchange ("Spaghetti Junction", M6 Junction 6). Here, at Salford Junction, it meets the end of the Tame Valley Canal and the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal to Birmingham (south) and Tamworth (north-west). Above Salford Junction are the slip roads to Birmingham's busiest motorway junction. Below it are the confluences of the Hockley Brook and River Rea into the River Tame.

Bibliography

Clayton, Phil (2005). "Junctions of the BCN (Part Two)". Birmingham Canal Navigations Society.
Jones, Douglas V. (1989). The Story of Erdington - From Sleepy Hamlet to Thriving Suburb. Westwood Press. ISBN 0-948025-05-0.
Pearson, Michael (1989). Canal Companion - Birmingham Canal Navigations. J. M. Pearson & Associates. ISBN 0-907864-49-X.
Priestley, Joseph (1831). "Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals and Railways of Great Britain".
Skempton, Sir Alec et al. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
Stephens, W. B. (1964). Communications: A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7: The City of Birmingham. Victoria County History. British History Online.

References

↑ Birmingham.gov.uk: A History of the Canals in and around Birmingham: Wednesbury to Salford
↑ Priestley 1831, p. 72
↑ Clayton 2005
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Stephens 1964, pp. 25–42
↑ Skempton 2002, p. 151
↑ Notes and Queries, Benjamin Walker (extract author), 1850, G. Bell

v t e Birmingham Canal Navigations

Navigable	BCN Main Line Birmingham and Fazeley Canal Bumble Hole Branch Canal Cannock Extension Canal Digbeth Branch Canal Dudley Canal Engine Arm Gower Branch Canal Icknield Port Loop Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal Rushall Canal Soho Loop Spon Lane Locks Branch Tame Valley Canal Titford Canal Walsall Canal Wednesbury Oak Loop Wednesbury Old Canal Wyrley and Essington Canal

Unnavigable	Anson Branch Bentley Canal Bradley Branch Lichfield Canal Ridgacre Branch Tipton Green and Toll End Canals

Junctions	Aldersley Junction Aston Junction Birchills Junction Bromford Junction Catshill Junction Fazeley Junction Horseley Fields Junction Huddlesford Junction Ogley Junction Old Turn Junction Pelsall Junction Rumer Hill Junction Rushall Junction Salford Junction Smethwick Junction Spon Lane Junction Tame Valley Junction

Reservoirs	Chasewater Edgbaston Reservoir Netherton Reservoir

Tunnels	Dudley Tunnel Lapal Tunnel

Aqueducts	Engine Arm Aqueduct Stewart Aqueduct

Bridges and viaducts	Galton Bridge Parkhead Viaduct

Pumping stations	Smethwick Engine

Locks	Delph Locks

Basins	Gas Street Basin

Adjoining canals	Coventry Canal Grand Union Canal Pensnett Canal Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Stourbridge Canal Worcester and Birmingham Canal

Other	Water levels of the Birmingham Canal Navigations

Coordinates: 52°30′31″N 1°51′33″W / 52.5085°N 1.8591°W / 52.5085; -1.8591

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