Ryanodine
| Ryanodine | |
|---|---|
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 15662-33-6  |
| PubChem | 5114 |
| ChemSpider | 16736002 |
| KEGG | C08705  |
| MeSH | Ryanodine |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8925 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL612231 |
| Jmol-3D images | {{#if:C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@]3(C[C@]4([C@@]5([C@]([C@H]([C@@]3([C@]5([C@]2([C@@H]1O)O4)O)O)OC(=O)c6ccc[nH]6)(C(C)C)O)C)O)C)O|Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C25H35NO9 |
| Molar mass | 493.547 g/mol |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Ryanodine is a poisonous alkaloid found in the South American plant Ryania speciosa (Flacourtiaceae). It was originally used as an insecticide.
The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium channels found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle cells. It binds with such high affinity to the receptor that it was used as a label for the first purification of that class of ion channels and gave its name to it.
At nanomolar concentrations, ryanodine locks the receptor in a half-open state, whereas it fully closes them at micromolar concentration. The effect of the nanomolar-level binding is that ryanodine causes release of calcium from calcium stores as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, leading to massive muscular contractions. The effect of micromolar-level binding is paralysis. This is true for both mammals and insects.
See also
- Ryanoid, a class of insecticides with the same mechanism of action as ryanodine
References
- Bertil Hille, Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes, 2nd edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 01375, ISBN 0-87893-323-9