Rudbeckia

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Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia hirta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Genus: Rudbeckia
L.
Type species
Rudbeckia hirta
L.
Species

See text.

Rudbeckia /rʌdˈbɛkiə/[1] is a plant genus of 23 species in the family Asteraceae.[2] The species are commonly called coneflowers and black-eyed-susans; all are native to North America and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads.

The species are herbaceous, mostly perennial plants (some annual or biennial) growing to 0.5–3 m tall, with simple or branched stems. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire to deeply lobed, 5–25 cm long. The flowers are produced in daisy-like inflorescences, with yellow or orange florets arranged in a prominent, cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the ray florets tend to point out and down (are decumbent) as the flower head opens.

A large number of species have been proposed within Rudbeckia, but most are now regarded as synonyms of the limited list given below.

Several currently accepted species have several accepted varieties. Some of them (for example the Black-eyed Susan, R. hirta), are popular garden flowers, distinguished for their long flowering times. There are many cultivars of these species.

Rudbeckia species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species including Cabbage Moth and Dot Moth.

The name was given by Carolus Linnaeus in honor of his teacher at Uppsala University, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Younger (1660-1740), and his father, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630-1702), both of whom were botanists. Rudbeckia is one of at least four genera within the flowering plant family Asteraceae whose members are commonly known as coneflowers; the others are Echinacea, Dracopis and Ratibida.

Species

  • Rudbeckia alpicola Piper – Showy Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl
  • Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral – Eared Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt. – Pinewoods Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia californica A.Gray – California Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton – Orange Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia glaucescens Eastw. – Waxy Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia graminifolia (Torr. & A.Gray) C.L.Boynton & Beadle – Grassleaf Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia grandiflora (Sweet) DC. – Rough Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia heliopsidis Torr. & A.Gray – Sunfacing Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan
  • Rudbeckia klamathensis – Klamath Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Cutleaf Coneflower, Green-head Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. – Great Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia missouriensis Engelm. ex C.L.Boynton & Beadle – Missouri Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia mohrii A.Gray – Mohr's Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia mollis Elliott – Softhair Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia montana A.Gray – Montane Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. – Shiny Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. – Western Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia pinnata – Grey-headed Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia scabrifolia L.E.Br. – Roughleaf Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia serotina
  • Rudbeckia speciosa – Showy Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh – Sweet Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia texana (Perdue) P.B.Cox & Urbatsch – Texas Coneflower
  • Rudbeckia triloba L. – Brown-eyed Susan[3][4]

Formerly placed here

Uses

Many species are used in prairie restorations and for ornamental use. Used by domestic stock for forage. An abundance of these plants on a rangeland indicates good health.

  • Honey bee feeding on a Rudbeckia

  • Rudbeckia hirta

  • Prairie restoration

  • "Hirta"

  • Rudbeckia with Gladiolus in Japan.

References

  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. ↑ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=128840
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Species Records of Rudbeckia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-06-05. 
  4. ↑ "Rudbeckia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 5 June 2010. 

External links

Media related to Rudbeckia at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Rudbeckia at Wikispecies

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