Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
| Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Patient with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome | |
| ICD-10 | Q87.2 |
| ICD-9 | 759.89 |
| OMIM | 180849 |
| DiseasesDB | 29344 |
| MedlinePlus | 001249 |
| eMedicine | derm/711 ped/2026 |
| MeSH | D012415 |
| GeneReviews | |
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS), also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome,[1] is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected individuals. People with this condition have an increased risk of developing noncancerous and cancerous tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma. This condition is sometimes inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern and is uncommon, many times it occurs as a de novo (not inherited) occurrence, it occurs in an estimated 1 in 125,000-300,000 births.
Features of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
A case was described in 1957 by Michail, Matsoukas and Theodorou.[2] In 1963, Jack Herbert Rubinstein (1925–2006) and Hooshang Taybi (born 1919) described a larger series of cases.[3]
Typical features of the disorder include:
- Broad thumbs and broad first toes
- Mental disability
- Small height, bone growth, small head
- Cryptorchidism in males
- Unusual faces involving the eyes, nose, and palate
- Anesthesia may be dangerous in these patients: “According to the medical literature, in some cases, individuals with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome may have complications (e.g., respiratory distress and/or irregular heart beats [cardiac arrythmias]) associated with a certain muscle relaxant (succinlycholine) and certain anesthesia. Any situations requiring the administration of anesthesia or succinlycholine (e.g., surgical procedures) should be closely monitored by skilled professionals (anesthesiologists).”[4] Primary literature consists mostly of case reports and editorial papers. At least one case series suggests the children may have a higher rate of cardiac physical and conduction abnormalities which may cause unexpected results with cardioactive medications.[5] A further editorial reply in the British Journal of Anaesthesia discusses changes in the face and airway structure making it more difficult to secure the airway under anaesthesia, however, complications appeared in a minority of cases, and routine methods of airway control in the operating room appears to be successful. They recommended close individual evaluation of Rubinstein–Taybi patients for anaesthetic plans.[6]
A 2009 study found that children with RTS were more likely to be overweight and to have a short attention span, motor stereotypies, and poor coordination, and hypothesized that the identified CREBBP gene impaired motor skills learning.[7] Other research has shown a link with long-term memory (LTM) deficit.[8][9][10]
Genetics
Mutations in the EP300 gene are responsible for a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome. These mutations result in the loss of one copy of the gene in each cell, which reduces the amount of p300 protein by half. Some mutations lead to the production of a very short, nonfunctional version of the p300 protein, while others prevent one copy of the gene from making any protein at all. Although researchers do not know how a reduction in the amount of p300 protein leads to the specific features of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, it is clear that the loss of one copy of the EP300 gene disrupts normal development.
1 out of 100,000 to 125,000 children are born with RTS.
See also
References
- ↑ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome -180849
- ↑ Michail J, Matsoukas J, Theodorou S (1957). "[Arched, clubbed thumb in strong abduction-extension & other concomitant symptoms.]". Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot (in French) 43 (2): 142–6. PMID 13466652.
- ↑ Rubinstein JH, Taybi H (June 1963). "Broad thumbs and toes and facial abnormalities. A possible mental retardation syndrome". Am. J. Dis. Child. 105: 588–608. PMID 13983033.
- ↑ http://www.rubinstein-taybi.org/anesthesia.html
- ↑ Stirt, J A (1981). "Anesthetic problems in Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 60 (7): 534–6. doi:10.1213/00000539-198107000-00016.
- ↑ Dearlove, O R. Perkins, R. (2003). "Anaesthesia in an adult with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome". British Journal of Anaesthesia 90 (3): 399–400. doi:10.1093/bja/aeg537. PMID 12594162.
- ↑ Galéra C, Taupiac E, Fraisse S et al. (2009). "Socio-behavioral sharacteristics of children with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome". J Autism Dev Disord 39 (9): 1252–1260. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0733-4. PMID 19350377.
- ↑ Bourtchouladze R, Lidge R, Catapano R, Stanley J, Gossweiler S, Romashko D, Scott R, Tully T (2003) A mouse model of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: defective long-term memory is ameliorated by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10518-10522.
- ↑ Alarcon JM, Malleret G, Touzani K, Vronskaya S, Ishii S, Kandel ER, Barco A (2004) Chromatin acetylation, memory, and LTP are impaired in CBP+/– mice: a model for the cognitive deficit in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and its amelioration. Neuron 42:947-959.
- ↑ Epigenetics in learning and memory
- ↑ Petrij F, Giles RH, Dauwerse HG, et al. (July 1995). "Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome caused by mutations in the transcriptional co-activator CBP". Nature 376 (6538): 348–51. Bibcode:1995Natur.376..348P. doi:10.1038/376348a0. PMID 7630403.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome. |
- RTS – Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome – Associazione italiana RTS
- RTS – Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome – a site devoted to the families and people diagnosed with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.
- RTS – Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome Argentina – RTS Argentina – www.rubinsteintaybi.com.ar – Grupo de Apoyo – Historias.
- Dutch RTS-site – RTS the Netherlands
- History of RTS by J.H. Rubinstein.
- GeneReview/UW/NIH entry on Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
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