Roxbury, Wisconsin

Roxbury, Wisconsin
Town
Location of Roxbury, Wisconsin
Coordinates: 43°15′34″N 89°39′57″W / 43.25944°N 89.66583°W / 43.25944; -89.66583
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
County	Dane
Area
• Total	35.9 sq mi (93.0 km2)
• Land	34.6 sq mi (89.6 km2)
• Water	1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2)
Elevation[1]	1,047 ft (319 m)
Population (2000)
• Total	1,700
• Density	49.1/sq mi (19.0/km2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
Area code(s)	608
FIPS code	55-69850[2]
GNIS feature ID	1584070[1]

Roxbury is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Alden Corners and Roxbury are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Lutheran Hill is also located partially in the town.

History

Roxbury has been called "Dane County's most historic township".^[3] Among its earliest recorded occurrences is the Battle of Wisconsin Heights, the penultimate engagement of the 1832 Black Hawk War between the United States militia and the Sauk and Fox tribes, led by Black Hawk. After being pursued from Illinois, Black Hawk's band took a stand against the militia just south of the Wisconsin River, in what is today the Town of Roxbury. Although Black Hawk's band took severe casualties, their stand allowed several hundred noncombatant Sauk and Fox to retreat to the Mississippi River which saved their lives.

Five years later, Charles Floyd, an Eastern speculator, established a company whose goal was to build an exemplary city in the Midwest.^[4] Floyd bought over 300 acres (1.2 km²) of land in section 19 in Roxbury and had it surveyed. Then he drew up a map depicting streets, public buildings, and parks in what he called the "City of Superior", boasting that he would make the area known throughout the country.^[4] His map was circulated in Chicago, New York, and Boston, along with glowing descriptions of the city.^[5] Lots were sold to investors, including Daniel Webster,^[5] but there were no settlers. The 1842 census showed only two residents in the town. Floyd's grand plan had been a failure.^[6]

A settlement located across the Wisconsin River, in what is today Sauk City, was the impetus for the next development in Roxbury. In 1840, Agoston Haraszthy, a colorful^[7][8] nobleman and political refugee from Hungary, arrived in the United States. By 1841, he had purchased a large parcel of land where Sauk City now stands.^[6][9] He also built a hunting lodge, opposite his home, on a bluff in Roxbury overlooking the river.^[3][4][6][9] For the next several years, Haraszthy was active as a trader, hunter, steamboat operator, and viticulturist, and his business activities attracted attention to the area.^[3] He established a ferry that crossed the river, connecting Roxbury with Sauk City (then named "Haraszthy"), and in 1841, Robert Richards and Jacob Fraelich, the ferry operators, became the first settlers in Roxbury after Haraszthy.^[4]

For several years, no other settlers appeared in the town. Then in 1845, Rev. Adelbert Inama, a Norbertine missionary originally from the Tirol in Austria, arrived in the area.^[5][6][10] Impressed with what he found, Inama extolled the virtues of Roxbury to his superiors in Austria:

It lies in a district of the Wisconsin Territory as healthful as it is fruitful, on the elevated shores of the Wisconsin River, opposite Prairie du Sac, in the midst of mining districts, only 20 English miles from the capital, Madison, and well suited to become quickly and easily populated. The place is joined in three different directions with European seaports, by means of an unbroken waterway: to the south by means of the Mississippi to New Orleans; to the east by means of the Erie Canal to New York; to the north by means of the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

I certainly maintain that at present few localities can outdo the environs of Sac Prairie in fertility, variety, romantic beauty, and healthfulness of climate.^[11]

Inama's active promotion of the area was instrumental in attracting immigrants, mostly from German territories, particularly Bavaria.^[10] Within two years of his arrival, 15 families had settled in Roxbury.^[4]

Known as "the Apostle of the Four Lakes Region" because of his pioneering missionary work in the area,^[12] Inama established the first Catholic church in Dane County in Roxbury.^[13] In 1845, he erected a log chapel in section 18 of the town.^[10][13][14] Church services were held there until 1853, when a small brick church was constructed.^[5][10]

Inama also acquired 1,200 acres (4.9 km²) of land in the area, 100 acres (0.40 km²) of which had been donated by Haraszthy.^[11][13] Three acres were set aside for the construction of a church and a school.^[10] The remainder were sold to immigrants at cost, which was done to prevent speculators from preying on the naïve newcomers.^[13]

As an increasing number of settlers arrived, they called for their own local government, and in 1849 the area that is now the Town of Roxbury was detached from the Town of Dane (then known as Clarkson).^[9] The Town of Roxbury was formed by an act of the legislature on March 21, 1849.^[4][9] Burke Fairchild was elected the town's first chairman.^[3] In a vote held to select the town's name, two factions debated the issue. One wanted "Nelson", after Admiral Nelson, the hero of the English wife of the town chairman; another wanted "Roxbury", after a town in New York where some of the settlers originated. A tie vote resulted in the secretary casting the deciding ballot for Roxbury.^[3]

Although many of the first settlers of Roxbury were Yankees, Inama's work attracted an element that was heavily German.^[6] Within a short time, the original Yankee settlers moved on and Germans predominated.^[4][5] As the town grew, the small settlement of Alden's Corners developed in the southern part of the town, and at one time a post office was located there.^[6] By 1875 the population of the town had reached 1,151.^[5]

Having outgrown the church built only a few years earlier, a new one was constructed in 1857. Though it has been enlarged several times, the 1857 building remains at the core of the present church.^[10] Erected on a hill, the Romanesque Revival style church^[15] is a stately edifice overlooking a small settlement below.^[14] It is graced by a large altar painting depicting St. Norbert and the allegory of life, which was donated to Inama in 1860 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria.^{[5][10][16][17]}

St. Norbert's Church has always been the centerpiece of the hamlet and focal point of the community.^[6][14] School was originally held in the basement of the church, until a separate school building was erected in 1864.^[18] A convent to house the Dominican nuns who ran the school was erected in 1879.^[18] The only settlement in the town is the hamlet of Roxbury, which is centered around the church.^[9] At one time, the hamlet consisted of the church, school, convent, a blacksmith shop, an auto garage, two stores, a meat market, and a handful of houses, but now only the church, the school, a restaurant, and a tavern remain, and the school is no longer in operation, with the exception being religious instruction twice weekly.^[6][9] The number of houses in the hamlet has been increasing since the 1970s.

Because Roxbury was populated almost exclusively by Germans,^[3] German was spoken in the community for over 80 years, well into the 1930s.^[19][20] Tradition has it that the Kelly family were the only ones in Roxbury who could not speak German.^[3][20] School classes at St. Norbert's were conducted in German until 1905, when they began to be taught half in German and half in English.^[18] For many years, the church also followed a German tradition of segregating the congregation during services, with men on one side and women on the other, married adults in the rear, single adults in the center, and children in the front.^[21] Local residents still refer to the hamlet of Roxbury as "the Dorf", German for village.

Given the proximity of the town to the city of Madison, concerns have been raised about development in the town. As a result, the town's most recent comprehensive plan addressed a number of issues, including growth and economic development; land use and preservation; agricultural, natural, and cultural resources; community facilities; and housing. The key goals that were identified by residents of the town of Roxbury and delineated in the plan were to preserve agricultural land and agriculture as a way of life, to preserve natural resources and wildlife, to preserve areas of cultural and historic importance, and to carefully site and design new development so as to maintain the existing character of the town.^[22]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.0 km²), of which, 34.6 square miles (89.6 km²) of it is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km²) of it (3.65%) is water. The Town of Roxbury occupies Township 9 North, Range 7 East. The land in the Town of Roxbury is hilly, with high limestone bluffs in the west adjoining the Wisconsin River. Throughout the town, small areas of prairie are interspersed with oak groves. In the north lie several small lakes, including Crystal Lake and Fish Lake. Springs, ponds, and creeks also dot the area.^[5] Aside from the small hamlet of Roxbury, the town is agricultural. A vineyard, the successor to one founded by Agoston Haraszthy, lies in the northwest, overlooking the Wisconsin River.

Demographics

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 1,700 people, 603 households, and 499 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.1 people per square mile (19.0/km²). There were 640 housing units at an average density of 18.5 per square mile (7.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.65% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% from other races, and 0.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 603 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.1% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $60,463, and the median income for a family was $63,542. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $29,118 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,708. About 3.9% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

U.S. Highway 12 traverses the town, running northwest-southeast. Wisconsin Highways 78 and 188 parallel the Wisconsin River along the western edge of the town.

Education

Most of the Town of Roxbury is served by the Sauk Prairie School District. A small southwestern portion of the town is in the Wisconsin Heights School District, while the northeast corner is in the Lodi School District.^[23]

References

Further reading

• Keyes, Elisha W., ed. History of Dane County: Biographical and Genealogical. Madison, WI: Western Historical Association, 1906.
• Richards, Robert Jr. "Reminiscences of Robert Richards Jr. of Dane County Wisconsin, 1843-1855."
• "Roxbury" in History of Dane County, Wisconsin. Chicago: Western Historical Co., 1880.

External links

• Wisconsin Historical Society Online Image Collection - Licensed historical photos of Roxbury
• Roxbury, a historic hamlet community in a magnificent countryside setting - Description and contemporary photos
• The Battle of Wisconsin Heights - Includes landscape photos of the Town of Roxbury
• Haraszthy [De Moksca), Agoston 1812 - 1869 Dictionary of Wisconsin History
• Inama, Adelbert 1798 - 1879 Dictionary of Wisconsin History

v t e Municipalities and communities of Dane County, Wisconsin, United States County seat: Madison Cities Edgerton‡ Fitchburg Madison Middleton Monona Stoughton Sun Prairie Verona Villages Belleville‡ Black Earth Blue Mounds Brooklyn‡ Cambridge‡ Cottage Grove Cross Plains Dane Deerfield DeForest Maple Bluff Marshall Mazomanie McFarland Mount Horeb Oregon Rockdale Shorewood Hills Waunakee Towns Albion Berry Black Earth Blooming Grove Blue Mounds Bristol Burke Christiana Cottage Grove Cross Plains Dane Deerfield Dunkirk Dunn Madison Mazomanie Medina Middleton Montrose Oregon Perry Pleasant Springs Primrose Roxbury Rutland Springdale Springfield Sun Prairie Vermont Verona Vienna Westport Windsor York CDP Windsor Unincorporated communities Albion Aldens Corners Ashton Corners Ashton Bakers Corners Basco Daleyville Deansville Door Creek Dunkirk East Bristol Elvers Five Points Forward Hanerville Highwood Hillside Hoffman Corners Hope Indian Heights Kegonsa Kingsley Corners Klevenville Lake Windsor London‡ Lutheran Hill Martinsville Marxville Middleton Junction Montrose Morrisonville Mount Vernon Nora North Bristol Norway Grove Old Deerfield Paoli Pierceville Pine Bluff Primrose Riley Roxbury Rutland Schey Acres Springfield Corners Stone Token Creek Utica Vermont Vilas West Middleton York Center Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

v t e Black Hawk War of 1832 Native people British Band Black Hawk Neapope Wabokieshiek Dakota Wapasha Ho-Chunk Waukon Decorah Menominee Oshkosh Potawatomi Billy Caldwell Shabbona Waubonsie Sauk and Meskwaki Keokuk Wapello U.S. people Army Henry Atkinson Hugh Brady Jefferson Davis Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor Militia John Giles Adams Milton Alexander David Bailey Ebenezer Brigham John Dement Henry Dodge William S. Hamilton James D. Henry Abraham Lincoln Alexander Posey Isaiah Stillman James W. Stephenson Samuel Whiteside Others George Davenport Henry Gratiot Antoine LeClaire Joseph M. Street Felix St. Vrain Joseph Throckmorton Places Illinois Apple River Fort Buffalo Grove Dixon's Ferry Fort Armstrong Fort Beggs Galena Indian Creek Kellogg's Grove Plum River Saukenuk Stillman Creek Stillman's Run Battle Site Waddams Grove Yellow Creek Michigan Territory (Wisconsin) Bad Axe River Blue Mounds Fort Fort Crawford Fort Defiance Fort Hamilton Fort Jackson Fort Koshkonong Fort Union Gratiot's Grove Helena Hamilton's Diggings Pecatonica River Roxbury Sinsinawa Mound Soldiers Grove Victory Wisconsin Heights Battlefield Wisconsin River Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds Spafford Farm massacre Battle of Horseshoe Bend Battle of Waddams Grove Battle of Kellogg's Grove Attack at Ament's Cabin Battle of Apple River Fort Sinsinawa Mound raid Battle of Wisconsin Heights Battle of Bad Axe Related topics Black Hawk Purchase Black Hawk Tree Keokuk's Reserve Treaty of St. Louis Treaty of Prairie du Chien Warrior

Coordinates: 43°14′58″N 89°40′31″W / 43.24944°N 89.67528°W / 43.24944; -89.67528