Roti

Roti
Indian flat roti, also known as chapati
Place of origin:
Indian subcontinent[1]
Region or state:
Indian subcontinent
Main ingredient(s):
atta flour
Variations:
Chapati, Makki di roti, Tandoori roti, Roti canai
Recipes at Wikibooks:
Roti
Media at Wikimedia Commons:
Roti

Roti is generally an Indian bread, made from stoneground wholemeal flour, traditionally known as atta flour, that originated and is consumed in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is also consumed in parts of South Africa, the southern Caribbean, particularly in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname, and Fiji. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Indian naan bread, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread. A kulcha in Indian cuisine is a bread-like accompaniment, made of processed flour ("Maida") leavened with yeast.

Various types of roti, are integral to Indian and Pakistani cuisine.^[2][3]

Etymology

The word roti is derived from the Sanskrit word रोटिका (roṭikā), meaning "bread".^[4] Names in other languages are Hindi: रोटी; Assamese: ৰুটী; Nepali : रोटी; Bengali: রুটি; Sinhala: රොටි; Marathi: पोळी; Oriya: ରୁଟି; Malayalam: റൊട്ടി; Kannada: ರೊಟ್ಟಿ; Telugu: రొట్టి; Tamil: ரொட்டி; Urdu: روٹی‎; Dhivehi: ރޮށި; Punjabi: ਰੋਟੀ,ਫੂਲਕਾ; Thai: โรตี. It is also known as rotli in Gujarati, maani in Sindhi and phulka in Punjabi and Saraiki.

South Asia

Many different variations of flat breads are found in many cultures across the globe, from South Asia to the Americas. The traditional flat bread originating from the South Asia is known as roti; pronounced "rho tee". It is normally eaten with cooked vegetables or curries; it can be called a carrier for curries or cooked vegetables. It is made most often from wheat flour, cooked on a flat or slightly concave iron griddle called a tawa. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods. In Iran, the two variants of this bread are: khaboos^[5] and lavash. These two breads (the former of which is almost exactly prepared like Indian roti) are quite similar to other South Asian rotis.

In Sri Lanka, probably the most popular type of roti is pol roti (coconut roti), made of wheat flour, kurakkan flour or a mixture of both, and scraped coconut. Sometimes, chopped green chillies and onion are added to the mixture before cooking. These are usually thicker and harder than other roti types. They are usually eaten with curries, or some types of sambol or lunu miris and considered a main meal rather than a supplement.

Southeast Asia

A Thai "โรตีกล้วยไข่ /rɒtiː klûaj kʰàj/": roti with banana and egg, drizzled with sweetened condensed milk

Kerala / Ceylon roti (porotta) served with curry

In Indonesia, Malaysia, and Somalia, the term encompasses all forms of bread, including western-style bread, as well as the traditional Punjabi breads.

In Thailand, "โรตี" refers to the maida paratha—known in Indonesia as roti maryam, roti cane or roti konde, Malaysia as roti canai and in Singapore as roti prata—which is sometimes drizzled with condensed milk, rolled up, and eaten as a hot snack, or fried with egg as a larger dish.

West Indies

In the West Indies, roti is referred to in two ways; first as its native South Asian name "roti" by those of South Asian descent and second as roti used as wrap with any sort of savory stuffing, by those of non-South Asian descent who may not have had close interactions with the South Asian (Indian) community. The traditional way of eating roti amongst those of South Asian descent is to break the roti with their hands and to use it to sop up curry or stew. To those of non-South Asian descent this is a foreign practice and hence their perception of the commercialized wrapped roti as the representative standard of "roti"

The "roti wrap" is the commercialization of roti and curry as a fast-food item in the Caribbean. The wrap roti originated in southern Trinidad. It was first created in the mid-1940s by Sackina Karamath who later founded Hummingbird Roti Shop in San Fernando, Trinidad, to make it easier and faster to eat the items, as the individuals' hands would not get as dirty. In Trinidad and Tobago, various wrapped "roti" are served, including chicken, conch, beef, and vegetable. Shrimp and goat are also available. Because the roti acts as a wrap, numerous combinations can be made, but the most popular tend to be curried items.

As South Asian Guyanese and Trinidadians moved to other Caribbean islands or to North American cities such as Toronto, New York, and Montreal, they exported with them the commercialized idea of a wrapped roti. This has become the version that some people of non-South Asian descent know as roti. The growth in popularity of the commercial wrapped roti, in more recent times, saw reference by some individuals and restaurants/commercial companies of a plain roti by itself as a "roti shell or skin". This incorrect reference is done as a means to either dumb down or appease those of non-South Asian descent who may not have taken the time to educate themselves on the correct cultural representation/meaning of roti.

Various types of roti feature prominently in the diets of those of South Asian descent within West Indian countries, especially Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname. West Indian roti are primarily made from wheat flour, baking powder, salt, and water, and cooked on a tawa. Certain rotis are also made with butter. Several types of roti are made in Guyana, Trinidad, and where ever else South Asians settled.

Trinidad and Leeward Islands

Food	Description
Sada roti	This is a plain roti, made of white flour. Because it is the simplest roti to make, it is the most commonly consumed roti in Trinidad. It is a popular breakfast option in Trinidad, in combination with various vegetable, curry and meat dishes. This type of roti is the staple carbohydrate consumed for both breakfast and dinner by many South Asian Trinidadians.
Paratha roti	A roti of layers made with butter, usually ghee (Clarified Butter) but any butter can be used with it, the roti is put onto the tawa and butter is spread out onto it, partha eventually turns brown, and has more taste than the plain traditional roti, paratha is traditionally eaten with fried eggs and/or a cup of tea. Ghee is rubbed on both sides, then it is cooked on tawa (a round, flat metal griddle used in Indian cooking). This gives the roti a crisp outside. When it almost finished cooking, the cook begins to beat the roti while it is on the tawa, causing it to crumble. In Trinidad the commercial term used by non-South Asians for paratha is 'Buss-Up-Shut".
Puri	A roti where two layers are rolled out together and cooked on the tava. It is also rubbed with oil while cooking. This type of roti is eaten in Guyana with a special halva when a child is born.
Dhalpuri[6]	A roti with a stuffing of ground yellow split peas, cumin (geera), garlic, and pepper. The split peas are boiled until they are al dente and then ground in a mill. The cumin is toasted until black and also ground. The stuffing is pushed into the roti dough, and sealed. When rolled flat, the filling is distributed within the roti. It is cooked on the tava and rubbed with oil for ease of cooking.
Wrap roti	A popular wrap made by folding curry, stew, vegetables or combination thereof inside of a Dhalpuri roti. Curry or stew normally contains potatoes and a meat of some sort like chicken, goat, beef or shrimp.
Piper roti	A wrap roti that usually contains only potatoes and gravy, and scrap meat. Piper roti got its name by being a cheaper alternative to purchasing a regular roti. The term "piper" is the local slang used to describe a drug addict; most of his money is spent on drugs and the little he has remaining will purchase food.
Aloopuri	A roti similar to a Dhalpuri but with aloo (potato) substituted for the dhal. The aloo is boiled, milled and spices and seasonings are added before being sealed in the dough. This aloo filling is also used when making aloo pie or aloo choka.
Guyanese roti, clapped and ready to be eaten. Depending on where Indians settled in Guyana, foods can be different. In some parts of Guyana, Dosti Roti is made. South Asian Guyanese food as a whole can be different from their South Asian Trinidadian brothers, including the names of many items. A small amount of fat is placed in each piece of dough before it is rolled out to make the roti softer. Usually vegetable oil is used, but butter, or margarine can also be used. Ghee is not used in everyday Guyanese cooking, and is only used by the Hindus on religious occasions. The Roti is usually clapped by hand or beaten a bit, hot off the tava, so it softens but does not break. A good roti in Guyana is one that is very soft, with layers (almost like pastry layers if possible), which remains whole. An individual would be ridiculed if the roti breaks apart. The type of roti one gets is determined by what is placed in the dough before it is rolled out. Various types include Dhalpuri, aloo (potato) roti, and even sugar(to keep the kids busy, while the mother finishes cooking). Among the Indo-Guyanese, a rolled out thin flat dough like a roti that is deep fried in ghee is called a puri, and is only made for Hindu religious gatherings. Therefore a Dalpuri is not really a puri, as a puri and a roti are two different things. Another item prepared like roti is bake or bakes or floats. A Guyanese or Trinidadian fry bake seems to be more similar to an Indian puri. Bake is made with butter or margarine and has a different ratio of flour to fat. It is made much quicker than roti and is usually made in the mornings. Dough is rolled out and cut into shapes or rolled into small rounds. Guyanese bakes or floats are fried, but bakes from other parts of the West Indies can be baked in an oven. Bake are usually paired with a quick fryup for breakfast or dinner, stewed saltfish, or eggs (western style — onions, tomatoes, green peppers). Bakes are also made in other parts of the West Indies including Trinidad, Barbados and St. Vincent. In Suriname roti refers mainly to dhalpuri or aloopuri. It is most often eaten with curried chicken. Roti can also refer to a dish of stuffed and spiced roti wraps. It is custom to eat this dish by hand. Due to mass emigration of Indian Surinamese in the 1970s, roti became a popular take-out dish in the Netherlands. It usually includes chicken curry, potatoes, a boiled egg and various vegetables, most notably the kousenband or yardlong bean. Another variation includes shrimp and aubergine. The meat with gravy, potatoes, egg and yardlong beans are served side by side on a plate, with the aloopura folded in fours on top. One then has the option to spice the dish with a very hot chutney made of Madame Jeanette peppers. Other dishes A roti wrap with cream cheese and smoked chicken. 2 rolls of lamb roti roll Roti, pronounced "Rooti" in Cape Town, is also a staple food source amongst many of the Indian, Asian and Cape coloured communities living in South Africa and is either eaten as a flat bread or a wrap with locally made curries. See also Bhatura Chapati Kottu Roti Kulcha Luchi Naan Paratha Puri Roti canai Roti (film) Wrap roti References ↑ The Cape Malay Cookbook - By Faldela Williams, Cornel de Kock ↑ India - By Michael Dahl ↑ The Food of India - By Priya Wickramasinghe, Carol Selva Rajah, Jason Lowe, Alan Benson ↑ "Rotika (रोटिका)". Spoken Sanskrit. Retrieved 2007-03-25.  ↑ "Khaboos (Iranian Roti) Recipe". Retrieved 15 July 2012.  ↑ Dhal Puri Recipe - NomadicGourmet.com External links Tandoori Roti Recipe v t e Indian dishes by region North Aloo gobi Baati Baingan bartha Barfi (Kaju barfi / Kaju Katli) Bhatura Butter chicken Chana masala Chapati Chicken tikka Chole bhature Churma Dal makhani Dopiaza Haleem Kachori Kadai kadai chicken Kadhi Keema Kulcha Korma Kulfi Mattar paneer Makki di roti Mirchi Bada Naan Nihari Palak Paneer Pakora Paneer tikka Pasanda Raita Rajma Rogan josh Rumali Roti Sarson ka saag Shahi paneer Shami Kebab Tandoori chicken Paneer Tikka Masala Aloo Mutter South Appam Aviyal Baghara baingan Benne Dose Bhajji Bisi bele bath Bonda Chicken 65 Chakna Curd rice Dahi chutney Dopiaza Dosa Double ka meetha Fish molee Hyderabadi biryani Hyderabadi haleem Idiappam Idli Injipuli Kaalan Kanji Kerala porotta Koottu Kozhakkattai Lukhmi Mirchi ka salan Murukku Mysore Pak Pachadi Paniyaram Parotta Payasam Pongal Poriyal Pulihora Puttu Rasam Rice and curry Sambar Sheer korma Sevai Upma Uttapam Thalassery biryani Vada West Akuri Basundi Bhakri Bhelpuri Bombil fry Chivda Chouriço Dahi vada Dhansak Dhokla Doodhpak Kadboli Khatkhate Khichdi Kombdi vade Kuswar Misal Pav bhaji Patoleo Patra ni machhi Sabudana Khichadi Sanna Sevpuri Shrikhand Sorpotel Thalipeeth Vada pav Veg Kolhapuri Vindaloo Xacuti East Alu Potala Rasa Beguni Bel Pana Bhuna Khicuhri Chakuli Pitha Cham cham Chandrakanti Charchari Chhena Chingudi Jhola Dahi baigana Dahi Machha Jalfrezi Kati roll Luchi Machha Jhola Maachha Bihana Mathapuli Mishti Doi Ouu khatta Pakhala Pantua Pitha Rasabali Rasgulla Ras malai Sandesh Santula Miscellaneous Biryani Chaat Chutney Dal Falooda Flattened rice Gulab Jamun Halwa Indian pickle Jalebi Kheer Kofta Laddu Panipuri Papadum Paratha Puri Roti Samosa Sabzi Zarda Puri Bhaji Indian diaspora Chicken tikka masala Indian Chinese cuisine Phall Nasi kandar Pasembur Roti canai v t e Pakistani dishes by cuisine and region Balochi Kaak Sajji Kashmiri Dum Aloo Kahwah Kashmiri tea Razma Rogan josh Wazwan Muhajir Aloo tikki Dahi chutney Gil e firdaus Hyderabadi biryani Haleem Masala chai Nargisi Kofta Nihari Paan Sheermal Pashtun Afghan bread Bolani Chapli kabab Gosh Feel Kabuli pulao Kadchgall Kadu bouranee Kahwah Mantu Peshwari Naan Punjabi Lahori Chargha Golgappa Halwa poori Lahori fried fish Gosht karahi Murgh cholay Paya Kata-kat Mughlai Balushahi Biryani Kebab Kofta Korma Pasanda Rumali roti Shami kebab Sheer korma Elsewhere Aloo gobi Aloo paratha Baingan ka bartha Bhala Bhatoora Chana masala Chapati Chicken tikka Chole bhature Gajar ka Halwa Lassi Makki di roti Panjiri Papadum Paratha Punjabi pulao Puri Sarson da saag Sohan halwa Sugarcane juice Tandoor bread Tandoori chicken Tikka Sindhi Beh Hyderabadi pickle Sindhi biryani Sindhi karhi Common dishes Aloo gosht Bun kebab Chaat Chutney Dal Falooda Flattened rice Gulab Jamun Halwa Kulfi Pakistani pickle Jalebi Kalakand Khagina Kheer Khichra Khichri Laddu Magaj Naan Pakora Panipuri Pulao Roti Saalan Samosa Shorba Tea Zarda Pakistani diaspora Balti (food) Chicken tikka masala Pakistani Chinese v t e Indian breads Baati Bhakri Bhatoora Chapati Davanagere Benne Dosa Dosa Idli Jolada rotti Kerala porotta Khakhra Kulcha Luchi Makki di roti Manda Pitha Naan Neer dosa Papadum Paratha Parotta Pathiri Pesarattu Pitha Puri (food) Puttu Rava dosa Roti Rumali Roti Sheermal Thalipeeth Uttapam Recipes on WikiBooks Category:Indian breads The Food Portal The India Portal v t e Pakistani breads Bhatoora Chapati Hoyha Kaak Lavash Naan Papadum Paratha Phitti Puri Roti Rumali Roti Sheermal Taftan Recipes on WikiBooks Category:Pakistani breads The Food Portal The Pakistan Portal v t e Flatbreads Asia Barbari bread Bazlama Bhakri Bhatoora Bindaetteok Bing Bolani Chapati Dosa Khubz Kulcha Gözleme Green onion pancake Khanom buang Laobing Lavash Luchi Malooga Markook Matzo Naan Obi Non Papadum Paratha Pesarattu Pita Puri Roti Roti canai Sanchuisanda Sangak Sheermal Taboon bread Taftan Tandyr nan Yufka Europe Crêpe Crisp bread Farl Flammkuchen Flatbrød Flatkaka Focaccia Hoggan Lefse Opłatek Pancake Pane carasau Piadina Pita Podpłomyk Rieska Sacramental bread Shoti Somun Tonis Puri Tunnbröd Africa Aish Mehahra Injera Khubz Lahoh Ngome Americas Arepa Bammy Casabe Tortilla Tortilla de Rescoldo Recipes on WikiBooks Category:Flatbreads The Food Portal v t e Bread List of breads Types Brown bread White bread Whole wheat Flatbread Quick Rye bread Salt-rising Soda bread Sourdough Unleavened Ingredients Baker's yeast Barm Calcium propanoate Eggs Fat Flour Flour treatment agent Leavening agent Milk Improver Salt Sugar Water Equipment Oven Bread machine Bread pan Dough scraper Lame Peel Stand mixer Weighing scales Processes Autolysis Baking Biga Chorleywood bread process Kneading Leavening Maillard reaction Proofing Pre-ferment Pre-slicing Sponge and dough Steaming Vienna process Uses Breadcrumbs Bread bowl Bread pudding Croutons French toast Stuffing Sandwiches Toast Other Breadmaking Baker percentage Recipes on WikiBooks Category:Breads The Food Portal