Roman Warm Period

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The Roman Warm Period has been proposed as a period of unusually warm weather in Europe and the North Atlantic that ran from approximately 250 BC to 400 AD.[1] Cooling at the end of this period in south west Florida may have been due to a reduction in solar radiation reaching the Earth, which may have triggered a change in atmospheric circulation patterns.[2]

Theophrastus (371 – c. 287 BC) wrote that date trees could grow in Greece if planted, but could not set fruit there. This is the same situation as today, and suggests that southern Aegean mean summer temperatures in the fourth and fifth centuries BC were within a degree of modern temperatures. This and other literary fragments from the time confirm that the Greek climate during that period was basically the same as it was around 2000 AD. Dendrochronological evidence from wood found at the Parthenon shows variability of climate in the fifth century BC resembling the modern pattern of variation.[3] Tree rings from Italy in the late third century BC indicate a period of mild conditions in the area at the time that Hannibal crossed the Alps with elephants.[4]

The phrase "Roman Warm Period" appears in a 1995 doctoral thesis.[5] It was popularized by an article published in Nature in 1999.[6]

Proxies

  • Pollen: A high resolution pollen analysis of a core from Galicia concluded in 2003 that the Roman Warm Period lasted from 250 BC-450 AD in northwestern Iberia.[7]
  • Glaciers: A 1986 analysis of Alpine glaciers concluded that the 100 AD to 400 AD period was significantly warmer than the immediately preceding and following periods.[8]
  • Deep ocean sediment: A 1999 reconstruction of ocean current patterns based on the granularity of deep ocean sediment concluded there was a Roman Warm Period that peaked around 150 AD.[6]
  • Mollusk shells: An analysis of oxygen isotopes found in mollusk shells in an Icelandic inlet concluded in 2010 that Iceland experienced an exceptionally warm period from 230 BC to 40 AD.[9]

See also

Notes

  1. http://cel.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=4A5e4%40P3InK9oE15oNb&product=CEL&UT=000073509400022&SrcApp=Nature&Init=Yes&action=retrieve&Func=Frame&customersID=Nature&SrcAuth=Nature&IsProductCode=Yes&mode=FullRecord.
  2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212033241
  3. Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007, p. 17
  4. Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007, p. 18
  5. Patterson, William Paul (1995). Stable isotopic record of climatic and environmental change in continental settings (Ph.D. thesis). University of Michigan. OCLC 712737306. "The Roman warm period though it has been suggested was responsible in part for advances in civilization, also had a dangerous side." 
  6. 6.0 6.1 Bianchi GG, McCave IN (February 1999). "Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland". Nature 397 (6719): 515–7. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..515B. doi:10.1038/17362. 
  7. Desprat, S., Goñi, M.F.S. and Loutre, M.-F. 2003. "Revealing climatic variability of the last three millennia in northwestern Iberia using pollen influx data". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 213: 63-78.
  8. Röthlisberger, F. (1986). 10,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte der Erde. Sauerländer. ISBN 3794127978. 
  9. Patterson WP, Dietrich KA, Holmden C, Andrews JT (March 2010). "Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (12): 5306–10. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5306P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902522107. PMC 2851789. PMID 20212157. 

References


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