Robert of Bath
| Robert of Bath | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Bath | |
| See | Diocese of Bath |
| Appointed | before March 1136 |
| Term ended | 31 August 1166 |
| Predecessor | Godfrey |
| Successor | Reginald fitz Jocelin |
| Other posts |
monk of Lewes Priory Possibly Prior of Winchester |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | probably March 1136 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | England |
| Died | 31 August 1166 |
| Denomination | Catholic |
Robert or sometimes Robert of Lewes (died 1166) was a medieval English Bishop of Bath.
Life
Robert was a native of England, but his ancestry was Flemish,[1] probably of noble birth.[2] His birthdate and when he became a monk are not known.[3] He was a Cluniac[1] and a monk of Lewes Priory and a protégé of Henry of Blois who employed him at Glastonbury Abbey on administrative tasks.[1][4] He may have been the prior of Winchester Cathedral but there is no certain evidence of this,[4] as it is based on an appearance of a "Robert, prior of Winchester" on the 1130 Pipe Roll, and a 15th-century historian.[2] He was named Bishop of Bath through the influence of Henry of Blois,[4][5] and was consecrated probably in March 1136.[6]
Robert was instrumental in reorganizing his diocese as well as building and restoring at Wells. He was the bishop that organized the archdeacons of the diocese on a territorial basis.[2] He was considered pious as well as a man of business.[7] He also built at Bath, and gave borough status to the town of Wells.[2] He also reorganized the church at Wells, which had previously been the cathedral for the diocese prior to John of Tours moving the episcopal seat to Bath.[8]
In 1138, during Robert of Gloucester's rising against King Stephen of England, the bishop was in charge of the defenses of Bath. He captured Geoffrey Talbot, who was a supporter of Robert of Gloucester's, but when he went out to parley with another group of Gloucester's supporters, the bishop was captured even though he had been offered a safe conduct for the parley. The bishop was then exchanged for Geoffrey Talbot.[9] In 1141 he was at the gathering where Henry of Blois changed allegiance to the Empress Matilda at Winchester.[10][11]
The bishop died 31 August 1166[6] and was buried in Bath Cathedral before the high altar.[4] He may have been the author of the Gesta Stephani,[4][12][13] an identification first made by the historian R. H. C. Davis in 1962. While it is not certain that Robert was the author, the outlook of the work certainly fits with the known outlook of Robert.[2]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bartlett England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings pp. 400–401
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Ramsey "Lewes, Robert of (d. 1166)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ↑ Ramsey "Robert of Lewes" Belief and Culture p. 251
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 British History Online Bishops of Bath and Wells accessed on 23 September 2007
- ↑ Crouch Reign of King Stephen p. 46
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 228
- ↑ Barlow English Church 1066–1154 pp. 92–93
- ↑ Ramsey "Robert of Lewes" Belief and Culture pp. 252–253
- ↑ Appleby The Troubled Reign of King Stephen p. 50
- ↑ Davis King Stephen p. 52
- ↑ Appleby The Troubled Reign of King Stephen p. 98
- ↑ Huscroft Ruling England p. 200
- ↑ Bartlett England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings p. 99
References
- Appleby, John T. (1995). The Troubled Reign of King Stephen 1135–1154. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 1-56619-848-8.
- Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-50236-5.
- Bartlett, Robert C. (2000). England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-822741-8.
- British History Online Bishops of Bath and Wells accessed on 23 September 2007
- Crouch, David (2000). The Reign of King Stephen: 1135–1154. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-22657-0.
- Davis, R. H. C. (1990). King Stephen 1135–1154 (Third ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-04000-0.
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Huscroft, Richard (2005). Ruling England 1042–1217. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
- Ramsey, Frances (2004). "Lewes, Robert of (d. 1166)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50341. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
- Ramsey, Frances (2001). "Robert of Lewes, Bishop of Bath, 1136–1166: A Cluniac Bishop in his Diocese". In Richard Gameson and Henrietta Leyser. Belief and Culture in the Middle Ages: Studies Presented to Henry Mayr-Harting. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 251–263. ISBN 0-19-820801-4.
Further reading
- Davis, R. H. C. (1962). "The Authorship of the Gesta Stephani". The English Historical Review 77: 209–32. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXVII.CCCIII.209. JSTOR 561540.
- Ramsey, Frances (2004). "Lewes, Robert of (d. 1166)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Revised October 2009 ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Godfrey |
Bishop of Bath 1136–1166 |
Succeeded by Reginald fitz Jocelin |
| ||||||||||||||