Robert William Dale

R. W. Dale.

Robert William Dale (1 December 1829 – 13 March 1895) was an English Congregationalist (Nonconformist) church leader.

Life

Dale was born in London and educated at Spring Hill College, Birmingham, for the Congregational ministry. In 1853 he was invited to Carr's Lane Chapel, Birmingham, as co-pastor with John Angell James, on whose death in 1859 he became sole pastor for the rest of his life. In the University of London M.A. examination (1853), he came first in philosophy and won the gold medal. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him in 1883 by the University of Glasgow during the lord rectorship of John Bright. Yale University gave him its D.D. degree, although he never used it. He served as Chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales in 1868 and President of the International Congregational Council in 1891.^[1]

Views and publications

He normally read his sermons, because 'if I spoke extemporaneously I should never sit down again'.^[2] He did not use the title 'Reverend'. He was a strong advocate of the disestablishment of the Church of England, holding that the Christian church was essentially a spiritual brotherhood, and that any vestige of political authority impaired its spiritual work. In church government he believed strongly that congregationalism was the most fitting environment for Christianity. He published lectures such as the Atonement (which is still in print), sermons, the 'Manual of Congregational Principles' (also still in print), and, at his death, he left an unfinished history of Congregationalism,^[1] revised by his son, A. W. W. Dale.

The Civic Gospel

Dale's integrity, intelligence, moral passion and oratory soon made him a national figure in an age when the strength of non-conformity was at its highest.^[3] He welcomed social improvement and was an advocate, with George Dawson of what became known in Birmingham as the Civic Gospel.^[4] The health, housing, sanitation and living conditions in Birmingham had suffered from its rapid population expansion in the previous thirty years.^[5] Dale argued 'the public duty of the state is the private duty of every citizen': service on the town council to improve the wellbeing of Birmingham was advocated by Dale as having moral and religious worth.^[6] He was an advocate of free public education, social improvement, the extension of the franchise, the recognition of trades unions, and understanding the links between poverty and crime.

Politics

Although Dr Dale did not preach politics, he was a keen Liberal and worked with other Birmingham reformers and radicals including Joseph Chamberlain, Kendrick, Jesse Collings, George Dixon and John Bright. In 1886 he opposed Irish Home Rule along with Joseph Chamberlain, but this did not seem to make him less influential with other Liberals and Nonconformists who took the opposite standpoint. He played a major part in opposing the religious elements of the Forster Education Act of 1870 (see below).

Work in Education

When Forster's Elementary Education Bill appeared, Dale attacked it. He argued that the resulting schools would often be purely denominational institutions and the Bill's 'conscience clause' gave inadequate protection to Nonconformists. Dale criticised the way school boards would be empowered to make grants out of the rates to maintain sectarian schools. He was himself in favour of secular education, claiming that it was the only logical solution and was consistent with Nonconformist principles. In Birmingham this controversy was ended in 1879 by a compromise.

His interest in educational affairs had led him to accept a seat on the Birmingham school board. He was appointed a governor of Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI in Birmingham and served on the Royal Commission of Education. Dale took a great interest in Spring Hill Congregational College, Moseley (where he had previously studied). Largely due to his initiative, Spring Hill College, renamed Mansfield College after its founders, was moved to Oxford in 1886 and he became chairman of the council of what is now Mansfield College, Oxford.

Iconography

Blue plaque on Carrs Lane Church, Birmingham.

The statue of R. W. Dale sculpted by Edward Onslow Ford in 1898, was rediscovered in 1995 and is now on loan from Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, in Carr's Lane Church Centre (his old church).^[7] The National Portrait Gallery holds two pictures of him.^[8]

There is a blue plaque commemorating him on Carrs Lane Church, Carrs Lane, Central Birmingham.^[9] The street 'Dale End' in central Birmingham was named after Dale.

References

• Briggs, A. (1955) "Victorian people: A Reassessment of Persons and Themes 1851-67", Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
• Briggs, A. (1963) "Victorian Cities", Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
• Dale, R.W. (1875) "The Atonement", revised edition, Oswestry: Quinta Press.
• Dale, A. W. W., Fairbairn A. M., Rogers, J. G. (1899) "The Life of RW Dale, of Birmingham", London: Hodder and Stoughton.
• Dale, R.W. (1920) "Manual of Congregational Principles", edition, Oswestry:Quinta Press.
• Hunt, T. (2004) "Building Jerusalem: The Rise and Fall of the Victorian City", London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
• Mühling, M. (2007) "Die Zurechtbringungslehre Robert William Dales" in: Markus Mühling, "Versöhnendes Handeln – Handeln in Versöhnung. Gottes Opfer an die Menschen", Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 254–291.

Notes