Robert James Lees

Robert James Lees

Robert James Lees (born 12 August 1849 in Hinckley, Leicestershire – died 11 January 1931 in Leicester) was a British spiritualist, medium, preacher, writer and healer of the late Victorian era and early twentieth century known today for claims that he knew the identity of Jack the Ripper, responsible for the Whitechapel murders of 1888.

Early life

The son of William Lingham Lees (1818–1880) and Elizabeth (née Patch) (1819–1883), Robert Lees was born in Hinckley and spent his early years in Birmingham. It is claimed that, following the death of Prince Albert in 1861 the 13 year-old Lees went into a trance and communicated messages from Albert to Queen Victoria. It is further claimed that Lees lived for a period in Buckingham Palace so that Victoria could regularly talk to her beloved Albert through him.^[1][2] None of these claims have been substantiated. The only Royal connection that has been uncovered between Lees and the Royal Family is a letter dated 23 January 1899 sent to Lees from the Privy Office thanking him for sending the Queen a copy of his book Through The Mists.^[3]

In December 1871 Lees married Sarah Ann Bishop (1850–1912), whom he had first met as a boy while attending a Sunday School class in the Aston district of Birmingham. They had sixteen children, ten of whom survived to adulthood.^[4] In 1876 he moved to Manchester where he worked as a journalist for the Manchester Guardian. In 1878 Lees and his family moved to London, where he worked as a journalist in Fleet Street and where he befriended W.T. Stead. He worked on several London-based publications including George Newnes' Tit-Bits magazine.^[4]

Spiritualist

Lees claimed to have had his first psychic experience aged three. He later wrote:

"I am personally aware that as a child I cried at being left in the darkness unless I saw a mysterious and to others invisible kilted Highlander who remained beside me talking or singing till I fell asleep. And even now, after a lapse of half a century the vivid memory of his strong but kindly face is as freshly recalled as if he had sat beside me whilst this New Year was born."^[4]

Despite having had little formal education, Lees wrote a series of spiritualist books which continued to sell many years after his death. He claimed that these books had been dictated to him by friends from the spirit realm, and referred to himself as the Recorder. The best known is the three-volume series 'The Mists Trilogy' (Through the Mists, The Life Elysian, The Gate of Heaven), written between 1898 - 1931. The Heretic was written as his only autobiographical novel which was a record of his many years in London. An Astral Bridegroom was a study into reincarnation.^[5][6]

Jack the Ripper

At the time of the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888, Lees was living in the London area.^[7] His diary entries for 1888 reveal that on October 2, during a month when no Ripper murders took place, Lees went to both the City of London Police and Scotland Yard offering his assistance in catching Jack the Ripper. However, he was turned away as a madman on both occasions, though Scotland Yard offered to write to him.^[8]

One story, frequently quoted in books and films on the subject, is that Lees, using his psychic power, led the Police to Jack the Ripper. This story first appeared in print on April 28, 1895, in The Chicago Herald. Another version of the same story was also published in The People on May 19, 1895.

The Chicago Herald article claimed that over a number of years Lees had been troubled by psychic visions of Jack the Ripper killing his victims. Each of these visions came true. Lees became disturbed by the visions and sought medical advice, going abroad as a result, where he no longer had the visions. Back in London, he and his wife Sarah were travelling on an omnibus when a man got on at Notting Hill. Lees turned and told his wife that the man was 'Jack the Ripper'. Even though his wife laughed at him, when the man got off the bus at Marble Arch Lees followed him. Finding a Police Constable on the way Lees told him of his suspicions, but the Constable also laughed at him. After more murders Lees was able to convince the Police of the truth of his visions and led them to a fashionable house in London which was home to a noted physician who had treated members of the Royal Family^[4][9] On being found in incriminating circumstances, the doctor was put in a lunatic asylum under the name of Thomas Mason 124, and a mock funeral held. According to the Chicago Herald, the tale had been related by a Dr. Howard of London, who, when drunk, had told the story to a man who then told the newspaper.^[7]

Some Ripperologists disregard the story but in 1970, Dr. Thomas Stowell, a surgeon who worked with Theodore Dyke Acland, wrote in The Criminologist magazine that Acland's wife, daughter of Sir William Gull, told him of a visit to her parents' home in Mayfair of a police inspector and a man calling himself a medium. It corresponded with Lees' own account of his visit to the home of the famous physician and Dyke Acland went against medical tradition by signing Gull's death certificate - perhaps giving some support to Lees' claim that a mock burial was held for the famous physician.^{[citation needed]} Obvious errors in the Chicago Herald story include the claim there had been 17 murders that took place over a number of years, while the actual number of Ripper victims was just five, with the actual murders occurring in just a few months in the Autumn of 1888. Melvin Harris in his book Jack the Ripper, The Bloody Truth provides convincing evidence that the story was a hoax. He believes that the hoaxers were the 'Whitechapel Club, Chicago', the offices of the Club at that time being behind those of the Chicago Herald.^[7] Harris did not, however, mention the account by Thomas Stowell and tried to discredit Lees by saying that he was a "well-known fantasist". This, of course, was what Harris' readers expected to read of a Victorian medium but Lees was never actually accused of fraud.

In 1976 the Lees/Ripper story came into prominence again with the publication of Stephen Knight's book Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution. Ian Sharp had rediscovered the Chicago Herald article while researching Jack the Ripper for a BBC documentary which had been screened before the publication of Knight's book. The publication of The Final Solution saw the first time that the Chicago Herald article had officially been quoted in a major publication since The People had quoted it in 1895.^[7]

Later years

In 1902 Lees moved to Ilfracombe in Devon with his family from Plymouth and remained there until about 1928, when he returned to Leicester. Lees died at his home, 'Hazelhurst', Fosse Road South, Leicester, in 1931 at the age of 81 years. His body was cremated at Gilroes Cemetery and his ashes were interred in the grave of his wife in the cemetery at Ilfracombe.^[4]

A blue plaque to commemorate Lees was commissioned by the Hinckley Civic Society and was unveiled by a descendant of Lees on Saturday 2 May 2009.^[10]

In fiction

Robert James Lees has been depicted in several works on fiction related to the Jack the Ripper case.

In the 1979 film Murder by Decree starring Christopher Plummer as Sherlock Holmes, Lees was played by Donald Sutherland.^[11]

In the 1988 ITV mini-series Jack the Ripper starring Michael Caine, Lees was played by actor Ken Bones.^[12]

He is a character in the comic book From Hell, written by Alan Moore. In this graphic novel, Lees is portrayed as a charlatan, though he is ultimately - and unwittingly - instrumental in helping Chief inspector Abberline in identifying the Ripper.^[13] Interestingly, though this version of Lees admits privately that his visions were false, he also says that they all turned out to be true.

Publications

Books written by Robert James Lees include:

• Lees, Robert J. 'The Car of Phoebus: An Astral Bridegroom' N.p., 1909.
• Lees, Robert J. 'The Gate of Heaven' N.p., n.d.
• Lees, Robert J. 'The Heretic' N.p., 1901.
• Lees, Robert J. 'The Life Elysian' N.p., 1905.
• Lees, Robert J. 'My Books: How They Were Written' Occult Review (December 1931).
• Lees, Robert J. 'Through the Mists' London: W. Rider & Sons Ltd., 1910.

References

External links

• Biography on the R J Lees website
• Lees on the Casebook: Jack the Ripper website
• Lees in the Leicester Chronicler
• Lees and 'Jack the Ripper' Hayward Review California 17 May 1895
• Lees and 'Jack the Ripper' Brooklyn Daily Eagle New York 28 December 1897
• 'Robert James Lees and The Psychic Hunt For Jack The Ripper' The Whitechapel Society 1888