Robert-Richard Zapp

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Robert-Richard Zapp

Richard Zapp
Born (1904-04-03)3 April 1904
Germersheim
Died 17 July 1964(1964-07-17) (aged 60)
Kiel
Allegiance
Service/branch
Years of service 1923–1945
Rank Fregattenkapitän
Commands held
Battles/wars World War II
Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Robert-Richard Zapp (3 April 1904 – 17 July 1964) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. As commander of the Type IXC U-boat U-66, he sank sixteen ships on five patrols, for a total of 106,200 tons of Allied shipping, to become the 27th highest scoring U-Boat ace of World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Career

Robert-Richard Zapp joined the Reichsmarine in May 1923.[Note 1] Before joining the U-boat service in 1939, he served aboard a minesweeper and later on took command of 251 Marineflak (Naval anti-aircraft artillery). After initial training, he served on board U-46 for a short while under Oberleutnant zur See Engelbert Endrass, with whom he participated in the battle against Convoy HX 79 in October 1940.[1]

Zapp was appointed commander of U-66 in January 1941. U-66 was one of the boats that participated in the first wave of attacks in "Operation Drumbeat". On the first patrol of this operation, he sank five vessels, totalling 33,456 tons. On his second patrol off the eastern seaboard of the USA he sank six vessels totaling 43,946 tons. They included the 7,988 GRT Canadian passenger liner RMS Lady Hawkins on 19 January, whose final death toll was 251.[2] Zapp was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 April 1942.[1]

In June 1942 he was posted ashore to become commander of 3rd U-boat Flotilla, based at La Rochelle, France. On 1 January 1945 he was promoted to Fregattenkapitän. In the last three months of the war, he became commander of Marine-Regiment Zapp and defended the U-boat base at La Rochelle until the very end of the war in May 1945. He spent over two years in a French captivity and was released on 7 July 1947.[1]

Summary of career

Ships attacked

DateShipNationalityTonnageFate
29 June 1941 George J. Goulandris  Greece 4,345 Sunk
29 June 1941 Kalypso Vergotti  Greece 5,686 Sunk
30 June 1941 Saint Aslem  UK 5,614 Sunk
19 July 1941 Holmside  UK 3,433 Sunk
26 July 1941 I. C. White  Panama 7,052 Sunk
18 January 1942 Allan Jackson  USA 6,635 Sunk
19 January 1942 RMS Lady Hawkins  Canada 7,988 Sunk
22 January 1942 Olympic  Panama 5,335 Sunk
24 January 1942 Empire Gem  UK 8,139 Sunk
24 January 1942 Venore  USA 8,017 Sunk
14 April 1942 Korthion  Greece 2,116 Sunk
16 April 1942 Amsterdam  Netherlands 7,329 Sunk
17 April 1942 Heinrich von Riedemann  Panama 11,020 Sunk
26 April 1942 Alcoa Partner  USA 5,513 Sunk
29 April 1942 Harry G. Siedel  Panama 10,354 Sunk
2 May 1942 Sandar  Norway 7,624 Sunk
3 May 1942 Geo. W. McNight  UK 12,502 Damaged

Awards

Wehrmachtbericht references

Date Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording Direct English translation
Tuesday, 27 January 1942 Wie durch Sondermeldung bekanntgegeben, versenkten deutsche Unterseeboote an der nordamerikanischen und kanadischen Küste in Fortsetzung ihrer Angriffe auf die feindliche Schiffahrt in diesen Gewässern weitere zwölf Handelsschiffe mit zusammen 103 000 BRT, darunter sechs große Tanker. Bei diesen Angriffen war das Unterseeboot des Korvettenkapitäns Zapp besonders erfolgreich.[6] As announced by special bulletin, German submarines at the North American and Canadian coast in continuation of their attacks against enemy shipping in these waters, sank further twelve merchant ships totaling 103 000 GRT, including six large tankers. In these attacks the submarine of Lieutenant Commander Zapp was particularly successful.
Thursday, 7 May 1942 Bei den Erfolgen deutscher Unterseeboote zeichnete sich das Unterseeboot unter Führung des Korvettenkapitäns Zapp besonders aus.[7] In the success of German submarines, the submarine under the command of Lieutenant Commander Zapp distinguished itself from the rest.

Notes

  1. ↑ The German Reichsmarine which was renamed the Kriegsmarine on 1 June 1935.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Fregattenkapitän Richard Zapp". uboat.net. Retrieved 27 April 2010. 
  2. ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "Lady Hawkins". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 4 January 2014. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Busch and Röll 2003, p. 210.
  4. ↑ Busch and Röll 2003, p. 211.
  5. ↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 802.
  6. ↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, p. 20.
  7. ↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, p. 106.
Bibliography
  • Busch, Hans-Joachim; Röll (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2. 
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtsteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. 
  • Kurowski, Franz (1995). Knight's Cross Holders of the U-Boat Service. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-748-2. 
  • Range, Clemens (1974). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-355-1. 
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. 
  • Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, 1. Januar 1942 bis 31. Dezember 1943 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 2, 1 January 1942 to 31 December 1943] (in German). München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2. 

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Kapitänleutnant Heinz von Reiche		 Commander of 3rd U-boat Flotilla
June, 1942 – October, 1944 		Succeeded by
disbanded
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