River Ure

River Ure
River
Aysgarth Falls in Wensleydale
Country	England
State	North Yorkshire
Source	Ure Head
- elevation	640 m (2,100 ft)
- coordinates	54°21′59.967″N 2°18′0.033″W / 54.36665750°N 2.30000917°W / 54.36665750; -2.30000917
Mouth	River Ouse
- location	Cuddy Shaw Reach (near Linton-on-Ouse), North Yorkshire, England
- elevation	10 m (33 ft)
- coordinates	54°2′4″N 1°16′30″W / 54.03444°N 1.27500°W / 54.03444; -1.27500
Length	119 km (74 mi)

The River Ure is a river in North Yorkshire, England, approximately 74 miles (119 km) long from its source to the point where it changes name to the River Ouse. It is the principal river of Wensleydale, which is the only one of the Dales now named after a village rather than its river. The old name for the valley was Yoredale after the river that runs through it.

The Ure is one of many rivers and waterways that drain the Dales into the River Ouse. Tributaries of the Ure include the River Swale and the River Skell.

The earliest recorded name is Earp, but by 1142 it is recorded as Jor, hence Jervaulx (Jorvale) Abbey. In 1530 it is recorded as Yeure, and local placenames include Yorebridge and Yoreburgh, but in Tudor times the antiquarians John Leland and William Camden called it by its current name.^[1] The Old Celtic word for Ure was 'Isara' which evolved into 'Isure', 'Isurium', 'Isis' and finally into the Anglo-Saxon 'Ouse', giving an explanation of the changing name of the river.^[2]

Course

River Ure

Legend Ure Head (Source) Fording Point Green Bridge (foot) Ure Crook How Beck Bridge Footbridge Tongue Gill Grass Gill Scars Gill Fording Point Keld Gill Blades Footbridge Unnamed road Johnston Gill South Lunds Sike Ure Force Unnamed road Lunds Gill Thorn Tarn gill Scothole Gill Thwaite Bridge Carr Gill A684 Mossdale Beck Footbridge Cottersdale Beck A684 New Bridge Widdale Beck Hardraw Beck Thorne Sike Footbridge Gayle Beck Haylands Bridge Hawes Footbridge Blackburn Sike Eller Beck Nicholl Gill Raygill Sike Yore Bridge Bainbridge Grays Beck River Bain Paddock Beck West Mawks Sike Worton Bridge Worton Newbiggin Beck Footbridge Craike Sike Gutter Sister Ings Beck Starra Beck Wanley Beck Gill Beck Footbridge Eller Beck Footbridge Mill Race Low Beck Aysgarth Falls Yore Bridge Bishopdale/Walden Becks Kendall Beck Belden Beck/Swan River Batt Island Mill Beck A684 Wensley Bridge Wensley Beck A684 Middleham Bridge Mill Beck Harmby/Spennithorne Becks Ulshaw Bridge The Batts River Cover Harker Beck Kilgram Bridge Footbridge The Island Markfield Goit A6108 Masham Bridge Footbridge River Burn Black Robin Beck The Batts A6108 Tanfield Bridge Mill Batts Light Water The Sike Hutton Mill Deep North Bridge Ripon A61 Ripon By-pass Ripon Canal B6265 Hewick Bridge Bishop Monkton Cutt Scour Gutter Ings Drain The Island Croft Drain Sleight A1(M) A168 Arrows Bridge Borough Bridge River Swale Holbecks Beck Closes Drain Footbridge Aldwark Bridge (Toll) Changes to River Ouse

The source of the river is Ure Head on Abbotside Common where it flows west south-west to the valley floor and then turns south. Where it reaches the A684 it turns east along Wensleydale as far as Wensley. From here it flows south-east to Jervaulx Abbey and shortly after south to Mickley. Here it returns east and then south to Ripon. A little way after Ripon it flows east again to Boroughbridge.

To the east of Boroughbridge, the Ure is joined by the River Swale. About 6 miles (9.7 km) downstream of this confluence, at Cuddy Shaw Reach near Linton-on-Ouse, the river changes its name to the River Ouse.

Water levels

• Low and High Water Levels are an average figure.

Geology

Upper Wensleydale is high, open and remote U shaped valley overlying Yoredale Beds. The gradient is gentle to the north end of the valley, becoming steeper further south. Drumlins lay either side of the river, which is shallow but fast flowing. The river is fed from many gills cutting through woodland and predominantly sheep farmsteads. The Settle to Carlisle railway runs along the western side of the valley here.

Mid Wensleydale is made of Great Scar limestone under Yoredale beds that make up the valley sides which are marked with stepped limestone scars. The valley floor is made from glacial drift tails and moraine. The river here is broad and gently flowing in meanders in a stony channel. There are four tributary valleys that contribute to several waterfalls in this area.

Lower Wensleydale is a broader version of mid Wensleydale with the river gently meandering until it drops significantly at Aysgarth over the platformed waterfalls. The valley sides become increasingly wooded.

From Middleham onwards the river is a typical mid-age river and meanders in wider arcs as it flows south-east. ^[4]

History

The valley has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Examples of earthworks and other artefacts from the Bronze and Iron Ages can be seen in the Dales Countryside Museum in Hawes and the Romans built a fort at Bainbridge. Place-names in the valley denote the different types of settlers, such as Angles and Norse with typical suffixes like 'ton' and "sett".

During medieval times, much of the upper dale was sheep country belonging to Middleham Castle and Jervaulx Abbey. In 1751, the Richmond to Lancaster turnpike was created and originally followed the Roman road from Bainbridge. In 1795 it was diverted along the valley to Hawes and took the Widdale route, now the B6255 to Ingleton.^[5]

More recently in 1990, Aysgarth Falls was used as a location in Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves, in a the scene where Robin Hood fights Little John.^[6] It also featured in the 1992 film of Wuthering Heights^[7] and the 1984 TV mini Series, A Woman of Substance.^[8]

Economy

Farming, lead mining, dairying and quarrying are the mainstays of the modern economy of the valley, along with tourism. The dairy at Hawes produces Wensleydale cheese. Brewing takes place in Masham at the Black Sheep and Theakston Breweries.

There are many waymarked footpaths and open countryside. The Pennine Way passes through Hawes.^[5]

Natural History

The differing habitats of the area have their own populations of flora such as cranesbill, bistort, pignut and buttercup. Other varieties that can be seen in the area are wood anemones, violets, primroses, purple orchids, cowslips and herb paris. Some plants, such as spring sandwort, have managed to grow where the lead mining took place There are large populations of badger, roe deer, fox and rabbit in the valley. Amongst the variety of birds that can be seen in the valley are golden plover, curlew and oystercatcher.^[5]

Gallery

Along the River Ure
The River Ure near its source  River Ure west of Hawes  The River Ure near Worton Bridge  River Ure near Aysgarth with Batt Island in view  The River Ure at Hackfall Gorge near Mickley  River Ure near West Tanfield  Bridge over River Ure near Ripon  River Ure, Roecliffe  B6265 Hewick Bridge over River Ure  River Ure taken from Arrows Bridge, Boroughbridge

Lists

References