Rio Branco

Rio Branco
Municipality
The Municipality of Rio Branco
Rio Branco, Top left:Maternidade Park, Top right:Mercado Velho (Old Market) theme park, Middle left:JK Bridge, Middle right:A walkway in Passarela Joaquim Macedu theme park, Bottom:Panorama view of Acre River and downtown Benjamin Constant area
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): "Capital da Natureza" (Capital of Nature)
Location of Rio Branco in the State of Acre
Coordinates: 9°58′29″S 67°48′36″W / 9.97472°S 67.81000°W / -9.97472; -67.81000Coordinates: 9°58′29″S 67°48′36″W / 9.97472°S 67.81000°W / -9.97472; -67.81000
Country	Brazil
Region	North
State	Acre
Founded	December 28, 1882
Government
• Mayor	Marcus Alexandre (PT)
Area
• Total	9,233 km2 (3,565 sq mi)
Elevation	153 m (501 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	305,731
• Density	33.11/km2 (85.8/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-5 (UTC-4)
Postal Code	68900-000
Website	Rio Branco, Acre

Rio Branco (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁiu ˈbɾɐ̃ku], White River) is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Acre. Located in the valley of the Acre River in northern Brazil, it is the most populous county in the state, with 305,954 inhabitants – almost half the state population, according to a 2009 estimate.

Rio Branco was one of the first settlements to appear on the banks of the Acre River. In 1913 it became a county. In 1920 it became the capital of the territory of Acre, and in 1962, the state capital. It is the administrative center for the economic and cultural region.

Geography

Rio Branco is located at 9° 58' 29" south and 67° 48' 36" west, at an altitude of 153 metres (502 ft) above sea level. The city is bisected by the Acre River, which divides it into the First and Second Districts. The river is crossed by six bridges, the newest bridge being the Catwalk Joaquim Macedo.

Rio Branco is located in the mesoregion of Vale do Jurua and the microregion of Rio Branco. It is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Bujari and Porto Acre; to the south by the municipalities of Xapuri, Capixaba, and Plácido de Castro; to the east by the municipality of Senador Guiomard; and to the west by the municipality of Sena Madureira.

Climate

Population dressed for the cold, on a day of 22 °C

The city of Rio Branco has the lowest average annual temperature among the Northern capitals. The city has a tropical monsoon climate, with temperatures between 23 °C and 33 °C during the hottest days of the year. The lowest temperatures occur at night, with frequent records of 22 °C at dawn. The period from December to March is the hottest time of year, with highs of 38 °C or more. Usually between May and August the Branco region experiences cooler weather, registering low temperatures (around 15 °C) compared to regional standards. In July 2010 the city experienced record low temperatures. On the afternoon of the 17th, temperatures were registered to be 14.7 °C on average with a minimum of 12.1 °C. The 19th stood out with a minimum at 9.8 °C. However, the month's maximum reached 28 °C.^[1]

Rio Branco has a lengthy wet season spanning from October through May and a relatively short dry season covering the remaining three months. The city on average sees roughly 1900 mm of rainfall annually. Rio Branco experiences its heaviest rainfall from December through March, averaging over 200 mm of precipitation per month during that timeframe.

Vegetation

The Amazon rainforest represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia.^[2] As the largest tract of tropical rain forest in the world, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than one-third of all species in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.^[3]

Economy

Media

The city has six newspapers; two are published daily and four weekly. O Tabloide, A Gazeta, Página 20, A Tribuna, and O Estado are weekly newspapers. Cellular carriers who maintain coverage in the region are Vivo S.A., TIM, Oi, and Claro. The main companies offering fixed telephone coverage in the city are Embratel, Oi, and GVT.

Transportation

The Terminal Urbano bus station is located in the city centre.

Rio Branco-Plácido de Castro International Airport

Via Verde ring road

The public transport system has improved in recent years, mainly due to the construction of the Terminal Urbano (Urban Bus Terminal) near the center of town. However, the buses are still delayed. Taxis are widely used by the population.

Rio Branco-Plácido de Castro International Airport is 18 kilometres (11 mi) away on the BR-364 highway in the rural area. This new airport was officially opened on November 22, 1999, when the older facility, Presidente Médici International Airport, was closed. The BR-364 was twinned to facilitate access to the airport, which serves domestic and international aviation and military operations, with scheduled airlines and air taxis. The terminal is ready to receive 320,000 passengers per year and performs about 14 operations a day. By August 2010 it was the seventh-busiest airport in Northern Brazil, and the 38th busiest airport in the country.

The BR-364 and the BR-317 are the main highways in Acre. To the east, the BR-364 connects Rio Branco to the state of Rondônia and the rest of the country. The highway cuts west across the state, linking Rio Branco to Cruzeiro do Sul, the second major city of the state, through the municipalities of Sena Madureira, Manoel Urbano, Feijó, Tarauacá, and Rodrigues Alves. The BR-317 has a length of 330 kilometres (210 mi), and links the capital to the south of the state, through the municipalities of Senador Guiomard, Capixaba, and Epitaciolândia, on the border with Republic of Bolivia. From Brasiléia the road continues for another 110 kilometres (68 mi) to reach the city of Assis on the border with Peru. The highway continues on the Peruvian side as Highway 30C and Highway 26 to the city of Cuzco.

Attractions

Palácio Rio Branco was built in 1930 for the seat of the state government. The building was restored beginning in 1999 to preserve its historical character. In 2008 it was transformed into a museum of history. Gameleira is a historical site located in the curve of the Acre River, where city was first founded. Today, more than a century later, the strangler fig located there is a vigorous tree, measuring 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) in diameter at the trunk and 20 metres (66 ft) in height. At the sun's highest point, the fig's shadow is about 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter.

Opened in 1959, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Nazareth was constructed in the style of an ancient Roman basilica. Its interior has three naves separated by 36 stained-glass windows, donated by families of Acre. The exterior is composed of gables, the cross, and the churchyard. In 2007 the church was considered public property of the state of Acre.

Also known as the Square of the Revolution, Square Plácido de Castro is located in the heart of the city, opposite the headquarters of the Military Police of Acre. Recently, the square underwent renovation. The Autonomists Memorial has a museum, exhibitions of paintings by regional artists, a coffee shop, and a drama theatre. The museum possesses a large collection of historic photos of the state, as well as historical objects used during the Revolution. The Museum of Rubber includes sections on archeology and paleontology, and a historical collection of manuscripts and documents relating to the history of Acre.

The Catwalk Joaquim Macedo is a pedestrian bridge linking the two districts of the city. Passing over the Acre River, the catwalk is a cable suspension bridge completed in 2006. The nearby Old Market, built in the 1920s, was recently refurbished. Maternity Park was opened on September 28, 2002. It has sports facilities, kiosks, restaurants, biking trails, and skate parks.

Rio Branco has two shopping malls: the Mira Shopping and the smaller Via Verde Shopping, which was projected to be completed sometime in 2011.

Demographics

The population of the county in 2009 was estimated at 305,954 inhabitants by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It is the largest city in the state and one of Brazil's most populous. The population density of 33.17 inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the 2000 census, 51% of the population are male and 48.2% female; 92.73% of the population lives in urban areas and 7.22% live in rural areas. According to the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, the population of Rio Branco is 0.16% of the national population. According to the Superior Electoral Court, Rio Branco had 201,966 voters in 2008 .

The Municipal Human Development Index of Rio Branco is considered average by the United Nations Development Programme, with a value of 0.754. The education index is 0.860, while Brazil's is 0.849. The rate of longevity is 0.697 (the Brazilian rate is 0.638) and income is 0.704 (Brazil's is 0.723). The Gini coefficient, which measures inequality, is 0.52, where 1.00 is the worst result and 0.00 is the best. The incidence of poverty, as measured by the IBGE, is 37.21 per cent, and the incidence of subjective poverty is 39.39 per cent.

Education

Rio Branco is the most important educational centre of the state.

In 2009 the city of Rio Branco had 211 elementary schools, with 64,349 students and 2,367 teachers. The Index of Basic Education Development for elementary schools was 4.9, ranked 10th among Brazilian capitals, and above the national average of 4.6. There are an estimated 70 kindergarten preschools with 402 teachers and 10,168 students.

Higher education institutions include the Federal University of Acre, the Northern Educational Union, the College of the Western Amazonia, and the Community College of Acre, among others. These absorb the bulk of registrations, especially the Federal University of Acre, as the only public college in the state.

In 2008, the illiteracy rate in the state was 13 per cent, with 36.2 per cent of the population functionally illiterate.

Sports

Arena da Floresta Stadium

Rio Branco provides visitors and residents with various sport activities. Stadiums in the city are Arena da Floresta stadium; José de Melo stadium; Federação Acreana de Futebol stadium; Dom Giocondo Maria Grotti stadium; and Adauto de Brito stadium. Rio Branco was one of 18 candidates shortlisted to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the only South American bidder. The city's bid was rejected.

Sister cities

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  Maternity Park

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  Old Market and the Catwalk Joaquim Macedo

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  Revolution Square

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  Aerial view of Rio Branco

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  Rio Branco in the afternoon

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  View of the city centre

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  View of Rio Branco

• 

  Historic houses of Rio Branco

References

External links

Find more about Rio Branco at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks
	Learning resources from Wikiversity

• http://www.riobranco.ac.gov.br Rio Branco's municipal government
• http://turbrasil.com/rio_branco_hotels.hrg.3.en Hotels in Rio Branco

v t e Municipalities of Acre Capital: Rio Branco Brasiléia Assis Brasil Brasiléia Epitaciolândia Xapuri Rio Branco Acrelândia Bujari Capixaba Plácido de Castro Porto Acre Rio Branco Senador Guiomard Sena Madureira Manoel Urbano Santa Rosa do Purus Sena Madureira Cruzeiro do Sul Cruzeiro do Sul Mâncio Lima Marechal Thaumaturgo Porto Walter Rodrigues Alves Tarauacá Feijó Jordão Tarauacá