Richard Orsini

Richard Orsini
Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
Seal of Richard Orsini
Reign	1238/ca. 1260 – 1303/4
Italian	Riccardo Orsini
Titles	Count of Gravina, Captain-General of Corfu, Bailli of the Principality of Achaea for the Kingdom of Naples
Died	1303 or 1304
Predecessor	Matthew Orsini
Successor	John I Orsini
Wives	unknown Margaret of Villehardouin
Dynasty	Orsini
Father	Matthew Orsini
Religious beliefs	Roman Catholic

Richard Orsini (Italian: Riccardo Orsini) was the Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos from before 1260 to his death in 1303/4, and also Captain-General of Corfu in 1286–90, Count of Gravina in 1284–91. He also served as the Angevin bailli in the Principality of Achaea from 1297 to 1300.^[1]

Biography

Richard was the son of Matthew Orsini, Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, and a daughter of the sebastokrator John Komnenos Doukas.^[2] It is unclear when exactly Richard succeeded his father as Count palatine: it was perhaps as early as 1238,^[1] but more likely some time before 1260, when he is referred to in Venetian attempts to form an alliance of the Frankish rulers of Greece in aid of the beleaguered Latin Empire of Constantinople.^[3] He is not specifically recorded by name in a document until 1264, however.^[4]

Already since his father's time, the county palatine was a vassal of the Principality of Achaea, and through it, after the Treaty of Viterbo, of the Kingdom of Naples. In this capacity he also held the post of Captain-General of Corfu and Butrint on the Albanian shore in 1286–90.^[1][4] In 1291/92, he participated with 100 knights in a campaign to aid the ruler of Epirus, Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, against the Byzantines who were besieging Ioannina, along with 400–500 cavalry from Achaea under Nicholas III of Saint Omer. In exchange, Nikephoros sent his daughter, Maria, as a hostage to Cephalonia. After the Byzantines were repelled, she was wed to Richard's son and heir, John I Orsini. This aroused the indignation of Nikephoros, who had not been consulted, and who was not mollified until 1295, when the young couple came to live at his court.^[1][5][6]

Following the death of the Prince of Achaea, Florent of Hainaut, his widow, Princess Isabella of Villehardouin appointed Richard to rule in her stead as bailli and withdrew to the castle of Kalamata.^[7] His tenure appears to have been peaceful as regards the conflict with the Byzantine Greeks of Mystras, but the issue of the succession remained open as Isabella had but one daughter, Matilda of Hainaut (born 1293). On the suggestion of Richard Orsini, the young heiress of Achaea was engaged to the young Duke of Athens, Guy II de la Roche. Their marriage took place in 1305.^[8][9] Richard kept his post until 1300, when he was replaced by Nicholas III of Saint Omer, at the advice of chancellor Benjamin of Kalamata. This began a period of rivalry between Richard and Benjamin; in 1303, Richard's friends at court persuaded Prince Philip of Savoy to detain Benjamin, who was released after paying 20,000 hyperpyra as ransom. In turn, Benjamin gained the ear of the Prince, and forced Richard to give up the same sum in exchange for possession of half a village, which returned to the princely domain following Richard's death.^[10]

Richard was killed in 1303 or 1304 by one of his own knights, a man named Lion.^[11][12]

Family

Richard married twice: his first wife is unknown, and his second, in 1299, was Margaret of Villehardouin, sister of Princess Isabella. From the first marriage, he had four children: a son, John I Orsini, and three daughters.^[1][2] His three daughters all married into the high nobility of Achaea: one, Guillerme, married the Grand Constable John Chauderon, who died in 1294, and after that Nicholas III of Saint Omer; the second married John of Dournay, Baron of Gritzena; and the third married Engilbert of Liederkerque, a nephew of the Prince Florent of Hainaut, who succeeded Chauderon as Constable.^[13] From the second marriage, Richard had a daughter, but she died as an infant.^[14]

References

Sources

• Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d’Achaïe (in French). Paris: De Boccard. 
• Longnon, Jean (1969). "The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311". In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 234–275. 
• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (2010). The Despotate of Epiros 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9. 
• Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 0-87169-114-0. 
• Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Kaplaneres, Sokrates; Leontiadis, Ioannis (1990). "24307. Ῥιτσάρδος". Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (in German) 10. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)