Richard Leveridge

Richard Leveridge
Portrait of Richard Leveridge, Engraved by J. Saunders, After Thomas Frye (circa 1710-1762)
Background information
Born	(1670-07-19)19 July 1670 St Martin-in-the-Fields
Died	22 March 1758(1758-03-22) (aged 87) High Holborn
Genres	baroque music
Occupations	singer; composer; coffee shop owner
Instruments	bass
Years active	1695–1753

Richard Leveridge (or Leueridge) (19 July 1670 – 22 March 1758) was an English bass singer of the London stage and a composer of baroque music, including many popular songs.

Life

He was born in the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, in 1670, and in 1695 became the leading bass singer in the company with which Henry Purcell worked, playing roles such as the magician Ismeron in The Indian Queen, where he sang the major aria "Ye twice ten hundred deities".^[1] After Purcell's death he continued to work for composers Daniel Purcell and Jeremiah Clarke. Leveridge also began to compose music, and in February 1699 all three provided music for an adaptation of Fletcher's The Island Princess, in which Leveridge's performance was widely acclaimed.

Two books of his songs were published in 1697 and 1699, and his popular theatre songs also appeared as single sheet music. After a spell in Dublin he returned to London in 1702 for a revival of The Island Princess and a new production of Macbeth billed as "with music Vocal and Instrumental, all new Composed by Mr Leveridge". He sang the role of Hecate in this work for nearly 50 years, and the music remained popular for more than a century after his death.

Leveridge became involved in the new trend for operas, in the Italian style from 1705. He then began a short association with Handel, in 1713 to 1714, and acted in the first performances of Il pastor fido and Teseo and played Argantes in a revival of Rinaldo. Later in his career, in 1731, he played the role of Polypheme in the first public performance of Acis and Galatea, and several of Handel's Italian arias were published with English translations by Leveridge.

In 1714, he moved to work at the new theatre at Lincoln's Inn Fields, managed by entrepreneur John Rich. Remaining there for most of his career, he returned to his English repertoire and a new form, the musical afterpiece. These lightweight works were often comic, and in 1716 Leveridge produced his own afterpiece, Pyramus and Thisbe. For this comic parody of Italian opera, he wrote the music, adapting the words from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, and sang the role of Pyramus.^[2]

From the 1720s he was the leading bass at Lincoln's Inn Fields and then at Covent Garden. His repertory exploited his firm and powerful voice, and his tunes often became popular favourites. He composed over 150 songs, and is best known for the patriotic ballad "The Roast Beef of Old England".

In between engagements Leveridge ran a coffee shop in Tavistock Street near Covent Garden, but enjoyed good health and reduced his performances only in the last few seasons before retiring in 1751. He died at his lodgings in High Holborn, London, in 1758.

Recorded works

	The Roast Beef of Old England Henry Fielding wrote "The Roast Beef of England", which is used by both the Royal Navy and the United States Marine Corps, in 1731. Leveridge later arranged it. This version is performed by the United States Navy Band.
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Recordings of works by Richard Leveridge include the songs "Black and gloomy as the grave",^[3] "When daisies pied and violets blue",^[4] and "The Roast Beef of Old England".^[5]

References

External links

• Free scores by Richard Leveridge at the International Music Score Library Project
• National Portrait Gallery: Portraits of Richard Leveridge