Rhizobiales

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Rhizobiales
Bartonella
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Alpha Proteobacteria
Order: Rhizobiales
Kuykendall 2006
Families

Aurantimonadaceae
Bartonellaceae
Beijerinckiaceae
Bradyrhizobiaceae
Brucellaceae
Cohaesibacteraceae
Hyphomicrobiaceae
Methylobacteriaceae
Methylocystaceae
Phyllobacteriaceae
Rhizobiaceae
Rhodobiaceae
Xanthobacteraceae

Synonyms

Hyphomicrobiales

Rhizobiales is an order of alpha proteobacteria. They are gram-negative.

The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families here. The Bradyrhizobiaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Rhizobiaceae are the four families that contain at least six genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume nodulating microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium. Species of Methylocystaceae are methanotroph, they use methyl alcohol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as the sole energy and carbon source. Other important genera are Bartonella (pathogen) and Agrobacterium (genetic engineering).

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[2] and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences [3]








Brucellaceae

Brucella Meyer and Shaw 1920

Ochrobactrum Holmes et al. 1988



Bartonellaceae

Bartonella Strong et al. 1915 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Brenner et al. 1993



Phyllobacteriaceae

Mesorhizobium Jarvis et al. 1997

Chelativorans Doronina et al. 2010
Rhizobiaceae



Rhizobium Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Young et al. 2001

Agrobacterium Conn 1942 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Sawada et al. 1993

Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 emend. De Lajudie et al. 1994

Candidatus Liberibacter corrig. Jagoueix et al. 1994

Candidatus Hodgkinia McCutcheon et al. 2009

Hoeflea Peix et al. 2005[4]




Aurantimonadaceae

Aurantimonas Denner et al. 2003 emend. Rathsack et al. 2011

Fulvimarina Cho and Giovannoni 2003 emend. Rathsack et al. 2011

Pelagibacterium Xu et al. 2011[5]

Pseudovibrio Shieh et al. 2004[6]

Bradyrhizobiaceae


Rhodopseudomonas Czurda and Maresch 1937

Nitrobacter Winogradsky 1892

Bradyrhizobium Jordan 1982

Oligotropha Meyer et al. 1994

Afipia Brenner et al. 1992




Xanthobacteraceae


Azorhizobium Dreyfus et al. 1988

Xanthobacter Wiegel et al. 1978

Starkeya Kelly et al. 2000
Methylobacteriaceae

Methylobacterium Methylobacterium Patt et al. 1976 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Green and Bousfield 1983
Beijerinckiaceae

Beijerinckia Derx 1950

Methylocella Dedysh et al. 2000 emend. Dunfield et al. 2003



Methylocystaceae

Methylocystis (ex Whittenbury et al. 1970) Bowman et al. 1993 emend. Dedysh et al. 2007

Methylosinus (ex Whittenbury et al. 1970) Bowman et al. 1993







Hyphomicrobiaceae

Hyphomicrobium Stutzer and Hartleb 1899

Rhodomicrobium Duchow and Douglas 1949 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Imhoff et al. 1984




Rhodobiaceae

Parvibaculum Schleheck et al. 2004

Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990 emend. Yabuuchi et al. 1999 (outgroup)



References

  1. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Proteobacteria (scroll down for Rhizobiales)". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) . Retrieved 2012-05-02. 
  2. ↑ Sayers et al. "Rhizobiales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database . Retrieved 2012-05-02. 
  3. ↑ Collapsed from the tree built by PATRIC. Access date: 2012-05-02.
  4. ↑ Hoeflea is currently ranked in the Phyllobacteriaceae.
  5. ↑ Pelagibacterium is currently ranked in the Hyphomicrobiaceae.
  6. ↑ Pseudovibrio is currently ranked in the Rhodobacteraceae.

Further reading

  • Kuykendall, L. D. and Dazzo, F.B. 2005. Allorhizobium. In Brenner, Krieg, Staley and Garrity (Editors), The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, The Proteobacteria, Part C, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd. Ed., Vol. 2, Springer, New York, NY, pp. 345–346.
  • Kuykendall, L. D. 2005 Genus Azorhizobium. In Brenner, Krieg, Staley and Garrity (Editors), The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, The Proteobacteria, Part C, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd. Ed.,Vol. 2, Springer, New York, NY, pp. 505–506.
  • Kuykendall, L.D. 2005. Genus Bradyrhizobium, family Bradyrhizobiaceae. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd Edition, 2nd Volume. George Garrity, (Ed.) Springer–Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 438–443.
  • Chen, W. X., E.T. Wang, and L.D. Kuykendall. 2005. Genus Mesorhizobium, Family Photobacteriaceae. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd Edition, 2nd Volume. George Garrity, (Ed.) Springer–Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 403–408.,
  • Kuykendall, L.D., J.M. Young, E. Martínez-Romero, A. Kerr, and H. Sawada. 2005. Genus Rhizobium, a highly divergent genus in a revised family, the Rhizobiaceae. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd Edition, 2nd Volume. George Garrity, (Ed.) Springer–Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 324–340.
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