Rhipsime
| Saint Hripsime Սուրբ Հռիփսիմէ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Rome |
| Died |
c. 290 Vagharshapat |
| Honored in |
Roman Catholic Church Orthodox Church in America Armenian Apostolic Church Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church |
| Major shrine | St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin |
| Feast |
September 29 (Roman Catholic Church) September 30 (Orthodox Church) June 4 (Armenian Apostolic Church) October 9 (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church) |
Rhipsime, sometimes called Hripsime (Armenian: Հռիփսիմէ), Ripsime, Ripsima or Arsema (died c. 290)[1] was an Armenian virgin and martyr of Roman origin. She and her companions in martyrdom are venerated as the first Christian martyrs of Armenia.[2]
According to legend, Rhipsime was possibly of noble birth.[3] She belonged to a community of virgins, numbering 35[4] and under the leadership of Gayane, in Rome; she was known to be extremely beautiful, and attracted the notice of Diocletian. To avoid his advances she, along with her community, fled the city, going first to Alexandria before settling in Vagharshapat.[2] The varying accounts of her martyrdom diverge at this point. One story indicates that Rhipsime again was noticed for her beauty, this time by King Tiridates III, who proceeded to pursue her. Upon being brought before him, she refused his advances and was punished by being roasted alive. Gaiane was then put to death by Armenian soldiers, as were all members of her community except for Saint Nune (or Marine), who was later a missionary in Georgia[2] and is praised as the founders of the Georgian Orthodox Church being named as Saint Nino.
Another version of the saint's Acts indicates that, upon discovering Rhipsime's whereabouts, Diocletian sent a letter to Tiridates insisting that he either send her back or take her for himself. The king's servants found her among her companions, here described as nuns, and urged that she follow his wishes. She responded that she could not marry as she was betrothed to Jesus Christ, as were the others. At this, a voice from heaven was heard, saying, "Be brave and fear not, for I am with you".[5] Upon this, Tiridates ordered that Rhipsime be tortured; her tongue was cut out, her stomach cut open, and she was blinded before being killed. Her body was then cut into pieces. Inspired by her example, Gaiane and two other nuns gave themselves over to similar treatment before being beheaded. The rest of the community was put to the sword, their bodies thrown to the beasts to be eaten. Supposedly, Tiridates and his soldiers were then punished by God for their actions; the soldiers were beset by devils, and began to act like wild animals, running through the forests, gnawing at themselves, and tearing their clothes.[5] The legend states that the King was turned into a wild boar for his actions, and had to be saved by the intervention of Gregory the Illuminator.[6] These accounts are likely highly fictionalized; about the only thing certain about Rhipsime's story is that she and her companions were, in fact, martyred in Armenia in about 290.[2]
A church dedicated to Rhipsime may still be seen in Echmiadzin; the current structure was consecrated in 618, and contains her tomb in the catacombs beneath the building.[7] According to legend, Christ designated the spot for the shrine by descending from heaven in a shaft of light and smiting the ground with a golden hammer until the earth shook.[8] Some of the saint's relics, along with items relating to Tiridates and Gregory the Illuminator, were pillaged by Persians during an invasion in 1604, but were restored in 1638.[9] In the Catholic tradition, Rhipsime and her companions are commemorated with a feast day of September 29;[2] the Orthodox Church in America commemorates them on September 30.[4] The Armenian Apostolic Church remembers Rhipsime and her companions on June 4; Gaiane and her companions are commemorated separately, on June 5.[10]
Saint Rhipsime is known as "Arsema" to Ethiopian Orthodox Christians and currently there are three churches in her name found in Ethiopia. Among the churches, the oldest one which is found in one of the islands of Lake Tana is known for its miracles. There are also many old paintings in the church portraying how she was killed by Tiridates III (named as Dirtados by Ethiopians) and how the cruel king was changed into a bear after killing her. There is annual pilgrimage by Ethiopian Christians to this church in January. There are also Christian songs that praise her name. The book entitled Gedle Arsema meaning "The Life of Arsema" is found almost in every spiritual bookshop throughout Ethiopia. Her story is told in the Ethiopian Synaxarium on Mäskäräm 29.[11]
In honor of the saint, Hripisme remains a fairly common name in Armenia, as do its variants; likewise, Arsema is a very popular name among Ethiopian and Eritrean Christians.
Notes and references
- ↑ Other sources, such as this one, suggest a date at the start of the fourth century.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Catholic Online. "St. Rhipsime - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ "''Female Martyrs''. Martyrs, female martyrs, Christian martyrs, early martyrs, first martyrs, persecutions of the early Christians, Christian persecution, early Christian martyrs". Tonyfinlay.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Lives of all saints commemorated on this day". OCA. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "St. Rhipsime of Armenia". Antiochian.org. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gregory the Illuminator". Newadvent.org. 1910-06-01. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ "Hripsime Cathedral". Armeniapedia.org. 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ "Gregory The Illuminator - LoveToKnow 1911". 1911encyclopedia.org. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Etschmiadzin". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Church Calendar
- ↑ Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church: A Translation of the Ethiopic Synaxarium: Made from the Manuscripts Oriental 660 and 661 in the British Museum. 4 vols Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928.