Rheometalces Philocaesar

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Rheometalces Philocaesar[1] (Greek: Ροιμητάλκης Φιλοκαῖσαρ,[2] his epithet Philocaesar means in Greek "lover of Caesar") was a Prince from Anatolia who lived in the Roman Empire in the 1st century.

Rheometalces was a monarch of Greek, Roman, Assyrian, Armenian and Median ancestry. He was the second son born to the Roman Client ruling Monarchs Polemon II of Pontus and Julia Mamaea, while his brother was Polemon.[3][4] His father was the second son among the three children born to the late Roman Client Monarchs Polemon I of Pontus, also known as Polemon Pythodoros[5] and Pythodorida of Pontus.[6] His mother was the second daughter born among four children to the late Roman Client Monarchs Sampsiceramus II and Iotapa of Emesa Syria.[7]

The full name of Rheometalces is unknown as his known name is known from inscriptional evidence.[8] Rheometalces is known from a restored surviving inscription from Amphipolis Greece,[9] that is commemorating Polemon II, Polemon and Rheometalces which is dated from the second half of the 1st century.

Perhaps his full name was Marcus Antonius Rheometalces Philocaesar. Rheometalces was named in honor of his late paternal first cousin Rhoemetalces II, a Roman Client King of the Odrysian kingdom in Thrace who was a contemporary to the rule of the Roman emperor Tiberius who reigned from 14 until 37. He is the first Seleucid monarch to bear the name Rheometalces, while the second Seleucid monarch was the Roman Client King of the Bosporan, Tiberius Julius Rhoemetalces of the 2nd century. The epithet Philocaesar, he inherited from his maternal uncle Roman Client King Sohaemus of Emesa, who has this epithet as a part of his name.[10] The epithet Philocaesar is also shared by his various maternal relations the Roman Client Kings of the Bosporan Kingdom.

Rheometalces was born at an unknown date perhaps after the early 50s til the early 60s. He was raised in his parent’s realm of Pontus, Colchis and Cilicia,[11] and little is known on his life. In 62, the Roman emperor Nero induced Polemon II to abdicate the Pontian throne, and Pontus, including Colchis, became a Roman province. From then until his death, Polemon II only ruled Cilicia. When Polemon II died in 74, Rhoemetalces nor Polemon never succeeded their father to the Kingship of Cilicia, as Cilicia became a Roman province.

References

  1. ↑ Temporini, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), p.929
  2. ↑ Temporini, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), p.929
  3. ↑ On the Polemonid dynasty - see R.D. Sullivan, “Dynasts in Pontus”, ANRW 7.2 (1980), p.p. 925-930. For the intermarriages between the Polemonids and other dynasties of East Asia Minor, see R.D. Sullivan, “Papyri reflecting the Eastern Dynastic Network”, ANRW 2.8 (1977), p. 919
  4. ↑ Temporini, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), p.929
  5. ↑ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Cleopatra VII – Footnote 42
  6. ↑ Polemon I & Polemon II articles at ancient library
  7. ↑ Levick, Julia Domna: Syrian Empress, p.xx
  8. ↑ Temporini, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), p.929
  9. ↑ Temporini, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), p.929
  10. ↑ Temporini, 2, Principat: 9, 2, Volume 8, p.213
  11. ↑ Polemon I & Polemon II articles at ancient library

Sources

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