Rhaphidophoridae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rhaphidophoridae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Superfamily: Rhaphidophoroidea
[Walker], 1869
Family: Rhaphidophoridae
[Walker], 1869
Subfamilies and genera

See text

The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae includes the cave weta, cave crickets, camelback crickets, camel crickets, spider crickets (sometimes shortened to "criders", or "sprickets"[1]) and sand treaders, of the suborder Ensifera; in some regions, such as Missouri and Virginia, these crickets are referred to as "cricket spiders."[citation needed] In southern Virginia they are sometimes called "Seaford Jumping Spiders." Those occurring in New Zealand, Australia, and Tasmania are typically referred to as jumping or cave weta. Most are found in forest environments or within caves, animal burrows, cellars, under stones, in wood or in similar environments. They are characterized in part by their long antennae and legs. They may be found on all continents and many continental islands, though surprisingly Africa has but one species and that is confined to the southern Cape region, and apparently they are absent from Madagascar and New Caledonia. The well-known field crickets are from a different superfamily (Grylloidea) and only look vaguely similar, while members of the family Tettigoniidae may look superficially similar in body form.

Description

Camel cricket

Most cave crickets have very large hind legs with "drumstick-shaped" femora and equally long, thin tibiae, and long, slender antennae. The antennae arise closely and next to each other on the head. They are brownish in color and rather humpbacked in appearance, always wingless, and up to two inches/5 cm long in body and 10 cm (4 inches) for the legs. The bodies of baby crickets may appear translucent. As the name implies, cave crickets are commonly seen in caves or old mines. However, most species live in other cool, damp environments, such as rotten logs, stumps and hollow trees, and under damp leaves, stones, boards, and logs. Occasionally, they prove to be a nuisance in the basements of homes in suburban areas, drains, sewers, wells and firewood stacks. One has become a tramp species from Asia and is now found in hothouses in Europe and North America. Some reach into alpine areas and live close to permanent ice — the Mount Cook "flea" and its relatives in New Zealand.

Their distinctive limbs and antennae serve a double purpose. Typically living in a lightless environment, or active at night, they rely heavily on their sense of touch, which is limited by reach. While they have been known to take up residence in the basements of buildings, many cave crickets live out their entire lives deep inside actual caves. In those habitats, they sometimes face long spans of time with insufficient access to nutrients. Given their limited vision, cave crickets will often jump towards any perceived threat in an attempt to frighten it away. Although they look intimidating, they are completely harmless.[2]

Cave and camel crickets are of little economic importance except as a nuisance in buildings and homes, especially basements. They are usually "accidental invaders" that wander in from adjacent areas. They may reproduce indoors, especially in situations that provide continuous dark, moist conditions, such as a basement, shower or laundry area, as well as organic debris (e.g. compost heaps) to serve as food.

The group known as "sand treaders" are restricted to sand dunes, however, and are adapted to live in this environment. They are active only at night, and spend the day burrowed into the sand, to minimize water loss. In the large sand dunes of California and Utah, they serve as food for scorpions.

Subfamilies and genera

Camel cricket head
  • Subfamily Aemodogryllinae — cave crickets: Asia (Korea, Indochina, Russia, China)
    • Voighthopper
    • Diestrammena
    • Eutachycines
    • Microtachycines
    • Paradiestrammena
    • Paratachycines
    • Adiestramima Gorochov, 1998
    • Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990
    • Gigantettix Gorochov, 1998
    • Megadiestramima Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992
    • Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
    • Atachycines Furukawa, 1933
    • Neotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
  • Subfamily Ceuthophilinae — cave crickets, camel crickets & sand treaders: United States
    • Ammobaenetes Hubbell, 1936
    • Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1863
    • Daihinia Haldeman, 1850
    • Daihinibaenetes Tinkham, 1962
    • Daihiniella Hubbell, 1936
    • Daihiniodes Hebard, 1929
    • Farallonophilus Rentz, 1972
    • Macrobaenetes Tinkham, 1962
    • Phrixocnemis Scudder, 1894
    • Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903
    • Rhachocnemis Caudell, 1916
    • Salishella Hebard, 1939
    • Styracosceles Hubbell, 1936
    • Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940
    • Udeopsylla Scudder, 1863
    • Utabaenetes Tinkham, 1970
Female Dolichopoda schiavazzii from Tuscany

An as-yet-unnamed genus was discovered within a cave in Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument, on the Utah/Arizona border, in 2005. Its most distinctive characteristic is that it has functional grasping cerci on its posterior.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Drew Magary. "The Fantasy Football MVP Should Be An Official NFL Award". Deadspin. 
  2. ↑ Rick Steinau. "Camelback Crickets". Ask the Exterminator. 

Sources

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.