Republic of Kosova

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Republic of Kosovo.
Republic of Kosova
Republika e Kosovës
Recognised only by Albania
←
1990–2000 →


Flag

Anthem
Himni i Flamurit
Hymn to the Flag
Location of the Republic of Kosova within the SFR Yugoslavia
Capital Pristina
Languages Albanian
Government Republic
President Ibrahim Rugova
Prime Minister
 - 1990–1991 Jusuf Zejnullahu
 - 1991–2000 Bujar Bukoshi
 - 1999–2014 Hashim Thaçi
Historical era Yugoslav Wars
 -  Established 1990
 -  Disestablished February 1, 2000
Population
 -  est. 2,000,000 

The Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës) was a self declared state proclaimed in 1990 by the assembly of Kosovo.[1] It was recognized only by the Republic of Albania.[2] During its peak, it tried to establish its own parallel political institutions in opposition to the institutions of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija installed by the Republic of Serbia.

History

Prelude

The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo was established in 1974 with a high degree of autonomy within the Socialist Republic of Serbia. This autonomy was curtailed by constitutional amendments in 1989, in a process known as the "anti-bureaucratic revolution", resulting in mass protests by Kosovar Albanians, starting with the 1989 Kosovo miners' strike, many of whom were arrested by the then-Yugoslav authorities. This resulted in a declaration of a state of emergency in February 1990 and the resignation of the Provincial Council of Ministers in May.

Serb government enacted a series of laws which prohibited Albanians from buying or selling property, shut down Albanian-language media, and fired thousands of government employees.

Proclamation

Late in June, Albanian members of the provincial assembly proposed a response - a vote on whether to form an independent republic; the (Serb) president of the assembly immediately shut it down and promised to reopen the assembly on 2 July, which was later postponed.

On 2 July, the vast majority of Albanian members of the Provincial Assembly returned to the Assembly, but it had been locked; so in the street outside they voted to declare Kosovo a Republic within the Yugoslav Federation.[3] The Serbian government responded by dissolving the Assembly and the government of Kosovo, removing any remaining autonomy. The Serb government then passed another law on "labour relations" which fired another 80000 Albanian workers.

Ethnic Albanian members of the now officially dissolved Kosovo Assembly met in secret in Kačanik on 7 September and declared a "Republic of Kosova" in which laws from Yugoslavia would only be valid if compatible with the Republic's constitution. The assembly went on to declare the "Republic of Kosova" a sovereign and independent state on 22 September 1992. This declaration was endorsed by an unofficial referendum held a few days later. Serb authorities took this very seriously, and attempted to capture and prosecute those who had voted.[4]

Parallel structures

Kosovo Albanians organized a peaceful separatist movement, creating a number of parallel structures in education, medical care, and taxation.[5]

NATO intervention and disestablishment

The KLA-led campaign continued into January 1999 and was brought to the attention of the world media by the Račak massacre, mass killings of Albanians by Serb security forces. An international conference was held in Rambouillet, France later that spring and resulted in a proposed peace agreement (the Rambouillet Agreement) which was accepted by the ethnic Albanian side but rejected by the Yugoslav Government.

The failure of the talks at Rambouillet resulted in a NATO air campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia lasting from 24 March to 11 June when the Yugoslav authorities signed a military technical agreement allowing NATO peacekeepers (KFOR) and an international civilian mission (UNMIK) to enter Kosovo.

UNMIK assumed executive, legislative and judicial control of Kosovo and exercised this through a Special Representative of the Secretary General. A Kosovo Transitional Council was established to enable Kosovo political and community leaders were represented in decisions. The KLA was disbanded and replaced by the Kosovo Protection Corps, a lightly armed civilian emergency response organization.

The Republic of Kosova was formally[citation needed] abolished when its institutions were replaced by the institutions of the Joint Interim Administrative Structure established by UNMIK.

Political leaders

[6]

President

Prime Ministers

See also

References

  1. ↑ Noel Malcolm, A Short History of Kosovo, p.346.
  2. ↑ Statement of Albanian PM Sali Berisha during the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo, stating that this is based on an 1991 Albanian law, which recognized the Republic of Kosova
  3. ↑ Noel Malcolm, A Short History of Kosovo, p.346.
  4. ↑ Noel Malcolm, A Short History of Kosovo, p.347
  5. ↑ Clark, Howard. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. London: Pluto Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7453-1569-0
  6. ↑ Ben Cahoon. "Serbia". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-06-19. 

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.