Reșița

Reșița
Reșița downtown and distant view of Govândari neighborhood. Panoramic view with the newest part of the city or Govândari.
Coat of arms
Location of Reșița
Coordinates: 45°18′0″N 21°53′25″E / 45.30000°N 21.89028°E / 45.30000; 21.89028Coordinates: 45°18′0″N 21°53′25″E / 45.30000°N 21.89028°E / 45.30000; 21.89028
Country	Romania
County	Caraș-Severin County
Status	County capital
Government
• Mayor	Mihai Stepanescu (Ind.)
Population (2011)
• Total	65,509
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Website	http://www.primaria-resita.ro/

Reșița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈreʃit͡sa]; German: Reschitz; Croatian: Ričica; Serbian: Решица/Rešica; Hungarian: Resicabánya; Czech: Rešice) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region. Its 2004 population was 83,985.

Etymology

The name of Reșița might come from the Latin recitia, meaning "cold spring", as the historian Nicolae Iorga once suggested, presuming that the Romans gave this name to Resita, from a water spring on the Doman valley. A much more plausibile version, according to Iorgu Iordan, would be that the name is actually coming from a Slavic word: people living in the neighbouring village of Carașova 15 km away, referring to this place, that in those days was a similar village to theirs, as being „u rečice” (at the creek). It can also be noted that almost all Slavic countries have places with the name of Rečice (pronounced Recițe in Romanian).^[1]

History

Historically, the town has its origins in the 15th century under the name of Rechyoka and Rechycha. Archaeological research found traces of habitation going back to the Neolithic, Dacian and Roman eras. It was mentioned in 1673 under the name of Reszinitza, whose citizens paid taxes to Timişoara, and by the years 1690–1700, it was mentioned as being part of the District of Bocșa together with other towns in the Bârzava Valley. The town was referenced to in the conscription acts of 1717 under the name of Retziza. On 3 July 1771, it became an important metal-manufacturing center in the region. The foundation of the industrial Reșița were laid with the establishment of factories near the villages of Reșița Română (Reschiza Kamerală or Oláh Resitza) and Reșița Montană (Eisenwerk Reschitza, Német(h) Reschitza or Resiczbánya). Reșița Montană was at first inhabited by Romanians , and later, in 1776, 70 German families settled there. Between 1880 and 1941, Germans were the dominant population in the city, with as many of them as 12,096 residing here in 1941, as opposed to 9,453 Romanians, and 1861 Hungarians living here in the same year. Between the years 1910–1925, Reșița had the status of a rural area, and in 1925, it was declared a town thanks to its development to a powerful industrial location in modern Romania. In 1968, it became a municipality.

After 1989 Reșița lost most of its importance and its economy faced a drawback, along with the Romanian economy. The population also suffered a decrease, dropping from 110,000 in 1989 to 86,000 in 2006. After the fall of communism, the Reșița Steelworks (Combinatul Siderurgic Reșița, CSR) were bought by an American investor who brought the factory just one step away from bankruptcy. Today the steelworks are run by TMK Europe GmbH, a German subsidiary of the OAO TMK, Moscow, who has projects of modernization for the CSR. Still, it is believed that CSR will never again reach the status it had in the communist era.

The city

The city is situated around the flow of the Bârzava river that runs through all the city and collects the Doman river, in the centre of the city. The shape of the city is imitating the shape of the Bârzava river amongst the hills, while only few buildings are erected on the hills, mostly houses.

It is made of three main areas, two former villages that were very close: Romanian Reşiţa (Romanian: Reşiţa Română or Olah Resitza) and Highland Reşiţa (Romanian: Reşiţa Montană, Eisenwerk Reschitza or Nemet Reschitza); a new area, recently built, made of tower blocks on a wide opened meadow, called Bârzava's Meadow.^[2]

Neighbourhoods of Reşiţa

Neighbourhood name	Official name	Former name	Occasional name	Additional name
New City	Bârzava's Meadow	New Reşiţa	North Reşiţa	Govândari
entirely built after 1965, under the Communist Romania, it contains 4 zone areas around a main boulevard, called microraions, a legacy term of the former Soviet Union: Micro I Micro II Micro III Micro IV
Downtown	City Centre	Romanian Reşiţa	South Reşiţa	N/A
rebuilt after the installment of the Socialist Romania in 1947,[2] it contains the following zone areas: Centre - Civic center, rarely City centre Doman - Domanului Valley (Romanian: Valea Domanului) Luncă - Pomost's Meadow (Romanian: Lunca Pomostului) Moroasa made of Moroasa I and II Romanian Reşiţa (Romanian: Reşiţa Română) The Clear Glade Hill or The Clear Glade Colony (Romanian: Colonia Poiana Golului)
Old City	Commuter belt (Romanian: Muncitoresc)	Highland Reşiţa	Old Reşiţa	N/A
it has the oldest buildings of the city, mostly houses, and it contains the following zone areas: New Driglovăț (Romanian: Driglovățul Nou) Old Driglovăț (Romanian: Driglovățul Vechi) Weir (Romanian: Stăvila) Minda Bașovăț Lend, Marginea Lend or just Marginea

The Civic centre of the city has been partially renovated in 2006. An important point of attraction located in the City Centre is the impressive kinetic fountain designed by Constantin Lucaci, built in the communist era.

There are also important cultural points in Reșița that have been renewed in 2006, including the Concrete School (Şcoala de Beton), Downtown and the Polyvalent hall (Sala Polivalentă).

A locomotive museum featuring Romania's first locomotive built in Romania at Reșița, is located in Railroad yard (Romanian: Triaj) neighborhood.

An important iron and steel center, Reșița is the site of blast furnaces, iron foundries, and plants producing electrical appliances, chemicals and machinery (see Reșița works).

The city administers six villages: Câlnic (Kölnök), Cuptoare (Kuptore), Doman (Domány), Moniom (Monyó), Secu (Székul; Sekul) and Țerova (Krassócser).

Bocșa	Ezeriș	Caransebeș
Dognecea		Secu
Oreșe	Carașova	Văliug

Also, the city is a hub for leisure locations all around. Locations near Reșița include the ski resort at Semenic, Lake Gozna, Lake Secu, the Trei Ape Lake (Three Rivers Lake), Gărâna, Brebu, and Văliug.

Demographics

Census evolution:

At the last census, from 2011, there were 65,509 people living within the city of Reșița,^[3] making it the 29th largest city in Romania. The ethnic makeup is as follows:

Census[4][5]		Ethnic Structure
Year	Population	Romanians	Germans	Hungarians	Serbians	Croatians	Slovaks	Czechs	Ukrainians	Romany	Other
1880	14.616	6557	5428	592							2039
1890	18.448	6876	8150	967							2455
1910	23.625	8465	10471	2814							1875
1930	19.868	5.851	10.637	2.127	36	36	191	191			797
1935	20.085
1966	55.752	39.760	9.846	4.008	289	289	239	712			610
1992	95.216	79.518	5.045	4.009	936	296	167	205			2.340
2002	84.026	74.584	2.696	3.034	580	535	102	140			2.355
2011	65.509	59,994 (90.02%)	1,323 (1.98%)	1,682 (2.52%)	365 (0.54%)	313 (0.47%)			714	1,019 (1.53%)	698 (1.06%)

Religion

According to the 1880 Austro-Hungarian census the residents were:

• 6569 Roman Catholics
• 2129 Orthodox adherents
• 304 Lutherans
• 163 Eastern Catholics
• 126 Reformed adherents
• 72 Judaism adherents

Today there are many of the old churches in service and new ones:

• Roman Catholic churches
  • Saint Mary of the Snows Church (Old City) (Romanian: Biserica Maria Zăpezii)
  • Trinity Sunday Church (Govândari) (Romanian: Biserica Duminica Preasfintei Treimi)

• Orthodox churches
  • New Joseph from Partoş Church (City Center) (Romanian: Sfântul Ierarh Iosif cel Nou de la Partoş)
  • Pentecost Church (Govândari) (Romanian: Pogorârea Sfântului Duh)
  • Saints Peter and Paul Church (Govândari) (Romanian: Sfinții Apostoli Petru şi Pavel)
  • Saints Peter and Paul Church (Lend) (Romanian: Sfinții Apostoli Petru şi Pavel)
  • Saint Basil the Great Church (Moroasa) (Romanian: Sfântul Vasile cel Mare)
  • Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel (Moroasa) (Romanian: Sfinții Arhangheli Mihail și Gavriil)

• Orthodox cathedral
  • Adormirea Maicii D-lui (Old City)
  • Schimbarea la Faţă (Govândari)

• Lutheran church (Old City) - build in the 19th century
• Reformed church (Old City)
• Eastern Catholic church (Govândari)
• Synagogue (Old City)

Economy

Reșița has long been considered as the second-largest industrial center of Romania. It is an important center in manufacturing steel and vehicle manufacturing. C.S.R. (Combinatul Siderurgic Reșița) and U.C.M.R. (Uzina Constructoare de Mașini Reșița). The two are called as Reșița works and are the factories which sustained the city's life for more than 300 years. The first factories were built in 1771, during the reign of Maria Theresa. During the 19th century, the steel works were known as StEG. After the end of World War I, when Banat became part of Romania, they changed their name again, this time to Uzinele și Domeniile Reșița or UDR (Reșița Works and Domains). Only later, under the Communist regime, did the UDR split to CSR and UCMR.

The economy of Reșița has faced a drawback since 1989, but began recovering as investment is on the rise.^{[citation needed]}

• Industry: Automobile industry, Iron industry, texture industry, civilian constructions;
• Agriculture: 1% of the labour force of the city works in agriculture;
• Services: public alimentation, internal and international transport;
• Tourism: 2 tourism societies (Tourist Semenic SA and BIRTA SA);

Shopping

Reșița currently has 6 supermarkets of which two Carrefour supermarkets, one Lidl supermarket, one Billa supermarket,one Lidl supermarket and one Kaufland near the road entrance from Bocşa. The Shopping Center of Reșița is called Nera Shopping Center located in the Centrul Civic. There are a variety of companies operating in Reșița, offering almost everything a normal consumer would need.

Transport

Public transport

Reșița's public transport relays on 6 bus lines, and is run by the Prescom company.

Buses

Reșița's bus fleet consists of about 25 buses running on 6 lines:

• 1M/2:^[6] Marginea – Minda – Mol/Mopar/Molizilor
• 4: Moroasa II – Lend/Baraj (dam of Secu Lake) – CET – Molizilor – Moroasa II
• 8: Intim – Moniom – Intim
• 9: Intim – Țerova – Intim
• 10: Nera – Doman – Nera
• 11: P-ta Republici – Minda – Cuptoare – P-ta Republici

Reșița's bus fleet was to be upgraded sometime during 2009.

Trams

Trams have been decommissioned. As of 2008 the new mayor announced his intention to decommission all trams and replace them with modern buses complying with EU standards.

The 2 Tram Lines were Renk-Muncitoresc line (0), and Renk-Stavila line (DP) which was basically an expansion of the Renk-Muncitoresc line, but there were only 3 trams on this line. The full tram fleet was consisting of about 28 trams. The last trams were GT8 models imported from Germany, and fully replaced the former pre-89 trams in 2002.

Trains

Road transport

Reșița features a main 4 lane road that connects the neighbourhood Stavila to the neighbourhood of Calnic. This main road passes through almost all important neighbourhoods in Reșița. The rest of the neighbourhoods in Reșița are accessible via 2 lane secondary roads or single-lane roads. Roads of Reșița are usually well maintained, especially the main road, but there are occasional pot-holes on secondary roads. The road signs are usually well placed and well maintained, and traffic is usually friendly and traffic jams are a myth. Accidents are very rare and almost never lethal. Externally Reșița is connected by national roads to Caransebeș (Continued to Bucharest) and respectively Timişoara. There are also 3 county roads connecting Reșița to Oraviţa, Vama Năidaş and respectively Anina.

Notable people

• Cristian Chivu (1980–), football player
• Flavius Koczi (1987–), artistic gymnast
• Werner Stöckl (1952–), handballer
• Alexander Tietz (1896–1978), ethnographer
• Francisc Vaștag (1969–), boxer

Sport

Association football

• FCM Reșița
• CS Muncitorul Reşiţa

Handball

• CS UCM Reşiţa

Sister cities

 Canada, Moncton

 Italy, Pesaro

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reșița.

• Official site of Reșița (Romanian)
• Internet portal of Reșița (Romanian)

v t e Caraș-Severin County, Romania Cities Reșița (county seat) Caransebeș Towns Anina Băile Herculane Bocșa Moldova Nouă Oravița Oțelu Roșu Communes Armeniș Bănia Băuțar Berliște Berzasca Berzovia Bolvașnița Bozovici Brebu Brebu Nou Buchin Bucoșnița Carașova Cărbunari Ciclova Română Ciuchici Ciudanovița Constantin Daicoviciu Copăcele Cornea Cornereva Coronini Dalboșeț Doclin Dognecea Domașnea Eftimie Murgu Ezeriș Fârliug Forotic Gârnic Glimboca Goruia Grădinari Iablanița Lăpușnicel Lăpușnicu Mare Luncavița Lupac Marga Măureni Mehadia Mehadica Naidăș Obreja Ocna de Fier Păltiniș Pojejena Prigor Răcășdia Ramna Rusca Montană Sacu Sasca Montană Sichevița Slatina-Timiș Socol Șopotu Nou Târnova Teregova Ticvaniu Mare Topleț Turnu Ruieni Văliug Vărădia Vermeș Vrani Zăvoi Zorlențu Mare

v t e County seats of Romania (alphabetical order by county) Alba Iulia Arad Pitești Bacău Oradea Bistrița Botoșani Brașov Brăila Buzău Reșița Călărași Cluj-Napoca Constanța Sfântu Gheorghe Târgoviște Craiova Galați Giurgiu Târgu Jiu Miercurea Ciuc Deva Slobozia Iași Bucharest Baia Mare Drobeta-Turnu Severin Târgu Mureș Piatra Neamț Slatina Ploiești Satu Mare Zalău Sibiu Suceava Alexandria Timișoara Tulcea Vaslui Râmnicu Vâlcea Focșani Bucharest (national capital)