Raisin bread

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Raisin bread
Sweet bread

Raisin bread with cinnamon sugar swirled in the dough
Main ingredient(s):
Grain, Raisins, Yeast[2]
Recipes at Wikibooks:
 Raisin bread
Media at Wikimedia Commons:
  Raisin bread

Raisin bread is a type of bread made with raisins and flavored with cinnamon. It is "usually a white flour or egg dough bread".[3] Aside from white flour, raisin bread is also made with other flours, such as oat flour or whole wheat flour. Some recipes include honey, brown sugar, eggs, or butter.[4] Variations of the recipe include the addition of walnuts,[5] hazelnuts,[6] pecans[7] or, for a dessert, rum or whisky.[8][9]

Raisin bread is eaten in many different forms, including being served toasted for breakfast ("raisin toast") or made into sandwiches.[10] Some restaurants serve raisin bread with their cheeseboards.[11]

History

Its invention has been attributed to Henry David Thoreau[12][nb 1] in Concord, Massachusetts lore, but there have been published recipes for bread with raisins since 1671.[1] Since the 1400s, breads made with raisins were made in Europe. In Germany stollen was a Christmas bread. Kulich was an Easter bread made in Russia and panettone was made in Italy.[13] The earliest citation for "raisin bread" in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated to an 1845 article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.[14] In England, raisin bread became a common element of high tea from the second half of the nineteenth century.[15] In the 1920s, raisin bread was advertised as "The Bread Of Iron", due to the high iron content of the raisins.[16] The bread became increasingly popular among English bakers in the 1960s.[17]

Varieties

A loaf of raisin challa

European versions of raisin bread include the Estonian "kringel"[18] and the Slovakian "vianocka".[19] A similar food is raisin challah, a traditional Jewish food for Shabbat and holidays.[20] It has been suggested that Garibaldi biscuits were based on a raisin bread that was eaten by the troops of Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi.[21]

Production

The United States Code of Federal Regulations specifies standards that raisin bread produced in the country must meet. This includes a requirement for the weight of the raisins to be equal to 50% of the weight of flour used.[22] Raisin bread is one of five types of bread for which federal standards have been outlined.[23]

In cosmology

The ways in which individual raisins move during rising and baking of the bread is often used as an analogy to explain the expansion of the universe.[24][25]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Walter Harding wrote in his biography of Henry Thoreau that the man had created raisin bread. Author Ken Jennings writes: "It seems the eminent Professor Harding was taken in by, of all things, a story in a 1943 Ladies' Home Journal article, which got its delicious, raisiny facts from a longstanding legend in Thoreau's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts... Ultimately Harding recanted his claims in a 1990 Thoreau Society Bulletin titled 'Thoreau and Raisin Bread.'"[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ken Jennings (September 12, 2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs. Random House Publishing Group. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-58836-552-1. 
  2. ↑ Charel Scheele (October 12, 2011). Old World Breads and the History of a Flemish Baker. iUniverse. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4620-5472-5. 
  3. ↑ Mark Bricklin, ed. (1994). Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet. Rodale. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-87596-225-2. 
  4. ↑ Mark Bricklin; The Editors of Prevention Magazine (15 August 1994). Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet. Rodale. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-87596-225-2. 
  5. ↑ "Delia skims the goalpost". The Independent on Sunday. 25 June 2000. 
  6. ↑ Miers, Thomasina (15 December 2007). "Party season's big dippers". The Times. 
  7. ↑ Richardson, Belinda (25 June 2005). "'We could be in the lounge bar of an ocean-going liner'". The Daily Telegraph. 
  8. ↑ "10 top spots near the shops". The Times. 15 December 2007. 
  9. ↑ Ferrier, Clare (13 September 2008). "The Royal Oak, Brookland". The Daily Telegraph. 
  10. ↑ Hensperger, Beth (2000). The Bread Lover's Bread Machine Cookbook. Harvard Common Press. p. 449. ISBN 978-1-55832-156-4. 
  11. ↑ Mclean, Neil (27 June 2004). "If this is a diet, count me in". The Sunday Times. 
  12. ↑ Dolis, J. (2005) Tracking Thoreau: double-crossing nature and technology p.32. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press ISBN 0-8386-4045-1 Retrieved January 2012
  13. ↑ "History of Raisins and Dried Fruit". Sun Maid. Retrieved November 26, 2013. 
  14. ↑ "raisin, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 26 November 2013. 
  15. ↑ Wilson, Bee (9 March 2002). "There's nothing 'high' about high tea". The Times. 
  16. ↑ "The Bread of Iron (advertisement)". The Sunday Oregonian (Portland, Oregon). September 18, 1921. Retrieved November 26, 2013. 
  17. ↑ Woodland, John (20 October 1967). "Price blow to raisin traders in UK". The Times. 
  18. ↑ Brûlé, Tyler (27 December 2008). "Things to do, places to go". The Financial Times. 
  19. ↑ Gill, Jaime (22 November 2008). "A winter affair". The Guardian. 
  20. ↑ Phyllis Glazer; Miriyam Glazer (March 29, 2011). The Essential Book of Jewish Festival Cooking. HarperCollins. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-06-204121-0. 
  21. ↑ Vallely, Paul (30 June 2007). "Garibaldi: The First Global Action Hero". The Independent. 
  22. ↑ "Section 136.160 - Raisin bread, rolls, and buns". Code of Federal Regulations. 1 April 2005. Retrieved 26 November 2013. 
  23. ↑ "Taking the wraps off bread". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. May 1982. p. 40. ISSN 1528-9729. 
  24. ↑ "What does it mean when they say the universe is expanding?". Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. August 23, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2013. 
  25. ↑ NASA/WMAP Science Team (March 25, 2013). "Tests of Big Bang: Expansion". WMAP's Universe. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 26, 2013. 

Further reading

External links

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